Factors Impacting the Quality of Construction in the United Arab Assignment

Factors Impacting the Quality of Construction in the United Arab Emirates - Assignment Example nd high level of competition in the commercial marketplace, the contractors are required to enhance their ability in order to develop their performance based on these aspects. Accumulatively, the aforementioned factors tend to have a significant influence over the quality delivered by the construction industry. Furthermore, there are other factors which also impose a certain degree of impact on the quality of construction industry can be identified as construction materials, management and training of employees, and capability of contractors. In the UAE, government tends to provide significant consideration towards the construction industry. Governmental reports, in this regards reveal that the construction segment in the UAE has seen an era of remarkable boom, especially prior to 2007-2008 financial downturn when the industry was negatively impacted by the consequent debt crisis. During the economic failure of 2007, several construction projects in UAE were postponed or cancelled. Furthermore, the intense changes in micro-environmental factors such as markets, customers and competitors along with the confidence of construction organizations in the UAE was observed to reduce considerably where the market players started reconsidering their business strategies. Contextually, several organizations had experienced problems for adjusting with the changes occurring in the international business environment. Due to lack of readiness to adjust with the changing business circumstances, most of the construction organizations were forced to adopt survival strategies rather than growth strategies during the past few years which imposed a considerable impact on the quality assurance rendered by the company (Oryx Middle East, n.d.). Despite of the above circumstances, UAE has high probability of growth in its construction segment. The rise of oil price in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region initiates several big construction projects in the UAE. The growth in construction

IP Address Schema Design for a Medium-Sized Business Essay Example for Free

IP Address Schema Design for a Medium-Sized Business Essay IP Address Schema Design for a Medium-Sized Business The following IP schema is designed to fit the needs of the Warehouse Company. The company has purchased and installed all of the required equipment for the network infrastructure. After consulting with their design team and gathering the required documentation and network designs, we are ready to proceed. The network design requires an IP schema that will minimize the cost of public IP addresses. Due to this requirement we will use a Class B IP address solution with a default subnet mask of 11111111. 11111111.00000000.00000000 or 255.255.0.0. I am calculating the need to have 2 possibly 3 public IP addresses. In order to meet the IP requirements for the company’s 367 devices that include 260 hosts for Boston, 80 hosts for Dallas, 12 hosts at Seattle, 4 general servers and 3 DMZ servers, I will use the network address 172.16.0.0/23. The broadcast IP address is172.16.1.255. The subnet mask will be 255.255.254.0. The /23 will support 512 hosts, leaving 145 available hosts. The IP address ranges are assigned as follows: Boston (280) 172.16.0.10 through 172.16.1.40. Dallas (80) 172.16.1.50 through 172.16.1.140. Seattle (12) 172.16.1.160 through 172.16.1.180. General Servers (4) and network equipment 172.16.1.190 through 172.16.1.205. The DMZ servers with out-going rules set will be 172.16.1.210 through 172.16.1.220 The link-local unicast IPv6 network address will be fe80::ac10:0, the broadcast address will be ff00::ac10:1ff. This equals 119 bits and the host range will be from fe80::ac10:1 through fe80::ac10:1fe.

The International Tourist Destination Tourism Essay

The International Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Tourism can be traced back to centuries but because the elements of the product and conditions of the market place have changed so enormously in the last few decades there has been a corresponding requirement for a change in the business methods. This has led to the use of tourism marketing. Tourism industry over the last few years has had an accelerated growth. Destinations come in all shapes and sizes and can be found in variety of geographical settings such as in urban, rural and coastal environment. Destinations can be a collection of countries or a district state, county or coastline. They can often be viewed in both a supply or demand context. Destinations are subject to artificial divides that ignore the needs of the consumer and the expectations of the tourist.The supply sided definition of destination is a well-defined geographical area which is understood by its visitor as a unique entity with a political and legislative framework for tourism marketing and planning. (Buhalis, 2000) whereas the demand sided definition is a place towards which people travel and where they choose to stay for a while in order to experience certain features or characteristics. (Buhalis, 2000) This paper presents a theoretical framework of disaster management in a destination with the marketing strategies in tourism. The first part of the essay would discuss on general views on destinations, marketing strategies and disasters. The second part concentrates on marketing strategies of Kerala as a destination and how marketing strategies can be used to mitigate negative impacts of disasters in a destination. Introduction All destinations have similar characteristics. The success of a tourist destination depends on the quality of the basic essentials they offer to tourists namely attractions, amenities and accessibility (Holloway and Taylor 2006).Each and every organization has to operate within a market environment. This environment is made up of different levels of influence that will affect the opportunities and the marketing decisions that need to be made. The conditions affecting competition and rivalry in company markets, the values of stakeholder groups, the political, social, economic, social and technological changes of the wider environment. For a destination to be successful and stay ahead in the industry, the officials and stakeholders must develop and implement new strategies. As per Johnsons and Scholes (1993) strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term; ideally which matches its resources to its changing environment and in different markets, customers or clients so as to meet the stakeholders expectations. Different travel companies have similar marketing strategies for a destination. Any company in-order to form a marketing strategy has to first understand the particular destinations strengths, weakness, opportunities available and threats. When talking about managing and marketing a tourist destination it is very important to keep in mind the 15 Cs framework namely; Complexity, Control, Change, Crisis, Communication, Complacency, Customers, Culture, Competition, Commodification, Creativity, Channels, Cyberspace, Consolidation, Collaboration (Fyall et all). Marketing Mix To make a successful marketing strategy one has to understand the 4 Ps of marketing mix namely product, price, promotion and place. Kotler and Armstrong (2005) indicate that marketing mix is one of the key concepts in modern marketing theory. They defined marketing mix as the step of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Firstly we would have a look at the 4 Ps of marketing mix. Product The effectiveness of planning the marketing mix depends as much on the ability to select the right target market as on the skill in devising a product offer. It is really difficult to talk about a product (destination) as one complete entity hence to understand a product in a better way McCarthy (1978) divided it into four different levels namely the core product, the facilitating product, supporting product and the augmented product. Along with it comes, services offered and the quality of the product which differs according to the product and customer/guests expectation. It is very important for an organisation to decide on the range of products to be offered to a particular target market. Brand name also plays a major role in the marketing of a product, a customer/guest travelling to a place may differ in terms of preference, necessities. Apart from the customers point of view for a destination for which customers are willing to pay high amounts it is very important to maintain th e standards of services and fulfil customers basic necessities. People often purchase a familiar brand as they are comfortable with familiar things. There are assumptions made by customers that a familiar brand would be reliable and of reasonable quality. An unknown brand often has limited chances. (Aaker, 1991: 19) Price The pricing policy selected for a product (destination) is often directly related to the performance of its future demand. Pricing decisions is often considered the hardest part of the marketing mix strategy. Promotion It is a very important activity that tourists organisations or tourists board perform in order to influence potential customers. It is also important to influence trade contacts such as retail agents, suppliers and opinion formers such as journalists and travel critics. Advertising plays a major role in terms of promotion as it helps is changing attitudes and builds an image in the customers mind. Sales promotion is another method which adds value to the product. Another method of promotion is personal selling where in a direct contact with the customer is established. However there is a growing use of sponsorship and direct marketing which many organisations are using. Place/Distribution Tourism is an intangible product hence no transfer of ownership takes place only services are rented or consumed. A distribution system is the mix of channels used to gain access, or means by which a tourism service is made available to the potential consumers of the product. There has been a constant growth in the central reservation system and the global distribution system which has shrunk the world and has got the customer closer to the product. However later on Booms and Bitner (1981) argued that the marketing mix of four Ps is not comprehensive enough for the tourism and hospitality industry, so they addedthree more clauses which are people, physical evidence and process. Tourism as an industry is not only affected by disasters but also is a cause for disasters which in turn affect the tourists flow. Impacts of Tourism Economic Impact of Tourism Tourism has been traditionally viewed as a great force in promoting understanding among nations and within the national boundaries facilitating emotional integration. However, its economic importance is less commonly understood. It is only in the recent years, in particular the latter half of the 20th century that tourism has been accepted as an important catalyst for economic development. It is in terms of its contribution to employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, income generation and output growth that tourism has significant impact on the economy. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Environmental Impact of Tourism Different kinds of tourism activities affect the natural and built environment. There is a complex interaction between tourism and the environment. Many studies have shown that tourism has an immense impact on the physical environment, and that little has been done to remedy or control the assault on the ecology. This is especially distressing in view of the fact that a major part of tourism depends on nature: mountains, beaches, deserts, forests, wildlife, water bodies and the like. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Socio-cultural Impact of Tourism Among the most debated issues pertaining to tourism are those related to the effects that tourists and the industry have on societies and cultures of local communities. A general argument is that tourism contributes to international understanding and harmony. On the contrary, it has severely affected indigenous customs and ways of life in certain cases. Tourists are seldom well prepared for an international encounter which is vastly different from their own. Their knowledge, in most cases, is cursory, that is glamorised images from glossy travel brochures, movies and similar material. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Disaster Disaster is a calamitous event which often leads to great damages which can be physical (affecting the nature and life) or can affect the business environment. (Oxford dictionary). Disasters are of two types namely Natural and Man-made disasters. Tourism has frequently been subjected to natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis and earthquakes for example Hurricane Katrina on the north central Gulf Coast of the USA in 2005, the tsunami in 2004 off the coast of Indonesia and earthquakes in Taiwan in 1999 and San Francisco in 1989. The immediate effect leads to destruction of the tourist infrastructure and fall in customer demands. In addition to direct effect, destinations may suffer long term damage by perceptions in travel-risk. The earths climate has drastically changed in recent times and is predicted to change in the future. Directly and indirectly tourism is influencing the climate by about 80% (Gossling et al., 2005). Tourism is not only susceptible to natural disasters it is also affected by man-made disasters, such as outbreak of war, political unrest, terrorism for example political unrest in Libya, Terrorism attacks in Mumbai, India in 2007. Tourists generally perceive acts of terrorism to be higher risk than natural disasters when travelling. The perception of travel related risks have has changed during recent times as a result of change in the magnitude and frequency of the attacks. Kerala a major tourist destination in India Kerala, Gods own country is one of the favourite destinations for tourists in the world. It is situated on the south-western part of India with a coastline of 580km. It is famous for eco-tourism initiatives and growing at a rate of 13.31%. In the year 2008, 23.57% of total tourists were from United Kingdom, France and Germany. USA accounted for 8.72% of total tourists visiting Kerala in the year 2008. Kerala became 50 must see places in the lifetime to visit (National Geographic Travel, 2004) and also awarded in super brand award for 101 strongest brands in India by super brands India in the Year 2007. Tourism has emerged as the major revenue generating business to government of Kerala which has contributed almost 8% of the total employment directly and indirectly. The most important turning point in the state of Kerala was the private-public partnership to promote tourism in Kerala. Marketing of Kerala as a destination Backwater is the major tourist attraction of Kerala, however enjoying beaches with Ayurvedha is also one of the major attractions for tourists today. The government of Kerala is now trying to brand the medical tourism initiative which is turning out to be a great success as loads of people from many different countries are travelling to Kerala for better health care. There is also an emphasis on traditional art forms like Kathakali, Theyyam, etc which are pulling interests of travellers interested in arts. Kerala tourism is focussed more towards mass media advertisements and PR activities which help in attracting many tourists. Kerala also in terms of pricing is considered in a few of the cheap places for tourists in India. Hence it is very clear that the 4 Ps of marketing mix Place, Product, Price, Promotions. Kerala as a destination is influenced by natural and man-made disasters both. It has been observed that over the past three decades the predominant style of tourism in the region has been based almost exclusively on the attraction of the climate and of beaches. International visitors simply like visiting the beach and visit the back waters, the government has had an economic commitment to make to satisfying international demand by providing a coastal tourism product (UNECLAC, 2003). However the coastal range is prone to direct and immediate risk as when we look back from the year 2000 there has been a lot of natural disasters such as Hurricanes, storms, Tsunami, Floods, etc. Similarly when we look at the man-made disasters the Indian Sub continent is very prone to it from the Kargil war in 1999 to different terrorism attacks in Parliament building (New delhi) in 2001 and the Taj Hotel bombing (Mumbai) in 2008 or be it the global recession. All these affect the tourist flow in a particular destination. Strengths and Weakness There are a few weakness and many strengths of the above mentioned marketing strategy done by the government of Kerala. Firstly we would discuss weaknesses of the strategy followed by the strengths. Weaknesses There is an inadequate infrastructure to match the expectations of the tourist who travel to Kerala which means limited number of hotels, restaurants and limited space. The government has tough airline policies such as keeping in mind Kerala does not have an international airport as one of the major generator of tourist revenue. There is no proper waste management system which can become cause for many natural disasters. There is a shortage of funds available for growth of tourism which can often lead to exploitation of tourists and can lead to many other man-made disasters which is very common in Goa now-a-days. Strengths One good thing about the government of Kerala is that they are smooth operators of law and order which helps in confronting any man-made disaster to happen. The people of Kerala are involved by the government in the tourism industry which leads to broader thinking and leads to development of knowledge of disaster management in the people. The quality of life also improves of the local people, it is also noted that Kerala is the only society in the world which has 100% literacy rate. The current marketing strategy promotes Kerala as a destination and has made such an image even if there is a miss happening in the country, tourists would still flow in considering Keralas law and order being so rigid. In case of any natural disaster it is very obvious that it is a destination that can recover in one single days time. Even during the Tsunami, Kerala recovered itself very easily whereas other destinations adjoining Kerala took time to recover from the shock. Conclusion Kerala tourism is one of the super brand in the world of tourism. But the government is currently focussing on mass media tools although it is being properly put together but the government should focus more on direct marketing as the major revenue generator is the domestic market. Direct marketing can be considered to be more effective for brand building and very cost efficient as compared to mass media promotions. Word of mouth is being considered one of the most important tool of marketing now-a-days. Apart from these strategies the government also can conduct events based campaigns keeping in mind the various festivals in the state itself like Pongal, famous boat race. Furthermore it can also be recommended that encouraging local people to participate in decision-making process, training the guides and the local people, appreciate people of different profession and allocate special areas for the peaceful co-existence, maintaining the control on the prices of goods and quality of services. The government should take extra steps and encourage private investors to invest and promote tourism in a destination which would in turn lead to improvements in the infrastructure of the destination which is one of the most important thing for a destination in order to attract more tourists.

Graduation Speech: Be Perfect in Christ Jesus :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As I was pondering what to speak about tonight, I started thinking about what has been the main influence in my school experience. I realized that what has shaped me most has been my teachers. What is a teacher? After 13 years of school, believe me, I have an extremely good idea of what a teacher is. Two teachers began to teach me, my father and my mother. The poet Ann Taylor wrote, "Who taught my infant lips to pray, And love God’s holy book and day, And walk in wisdom’s pleasant way? My Mother." This year as we were challenged to give our hearts to God and our minds to our teachers, we learned more of their goals to see us grow as Jesus did in wisdom, stature and favor with both God and man. Col. 1:28 encourages teachers to warn and teach in all wisdom to present each man perfect in Christ Jesus. Mr. Murry’s attitude "For Jesus" led the way for other teachers. Who could forget Mr. Jones' daily quotes? "Whatever you say, Mr. Livesay" was a rhyming line. Mrs. Bears, a Spanish translator for the court system, was able to translate her students’ effort to learn a foreign language. Mrs. Gabby said Yearbook/Marketing Media was her favorite class this year. Of course it was her only class. The firefighting stories of Mr. Doof caught our attention. The musical Mrs. Buyers and artistic Mrs. Williams pulled off an outdoor Christmas program, and Mrs. Sholer , in the midst of planning her son’s wedding, found the time to take her PE class on a volleyball field trip. Looking back from this past year to my earlier school days, one of the teachers that boldly stands out in my memory is Mrs. Miner. No one else has named me as her daughter, Joanie Miller. While at Grace Academy, art class at the end of the day with Mrs. Frisk still makes my sides ache from giggling. During the days when there were no art classes, Mr. Peterson’s enthusiasm for hockey brightened the gymnasium, as he and my father practiced rapid-fire slapshots on some unsuspecting ninth grader. But, through all the memories, I was trying to think of one characteristic of teachers that has shown through the many years. I thought about their dedication, patience and guidance but decided that these wouldn’t do.

Cosplay

Cosplay Subculture Rachael Driver Bowling Green Technical College Abstract This paper will be discussing the cosplay, or costume play, subculture. In this paper, it will also go over who makes up this particular subculture, what it takes to be a cosplayer, what this subculture does for society, how society sees those who participate in it, how and when it came to be, most famous cosplay costumes, and what this subculture provides for those who take part in it. Keywords: Cosplay, Costume Play, Sociology, Subculture, Japanese cosplay, costumes, cosplay conventionsCosplay, short for â€Å"costume play†, is a type of performance art in which the participants make and wear costumes and accessories to represent a specific character or idea. This is also considered a type of role playing. Favorite sources for these costumes include manga , anime, books, TV shows, comic books, video games, and films. In cosplay, even inanimate objects are given life and personalities, and it is not un usual to see genders switched, with women playing male characters and vice versa. This is called crossplaying.There is also a group of cosplay culture centered around sex appeal, with cosplayers specifically choosing characters that are known for their attractiveness and/or revealing costumes. Often cosplay is most remembered for this because of all of the skimpy female outfits, but really there is so much more to cosplay than that. (Cosplay, 2012) Cosplay has been called many things over the years: a hobby, an art form, a youth clique, a fashion movement, a social event, a designing process, a detachment from society, or even just something to do out of pure boredom.All of these things can be considered true, in some way, depending on the situation, but the essence of cosplay is that it is a form of expression for young people in the subcultures that practice it. (What is Cosplay? Understanding Cosplay and its many definitions. , 2007) The cosplayer's purpose for dressing as a cert ain character may be sorted into one of three categories, or a mixture of the three. The first is to show adoration for a character, or they pick one that they have matching personalities with, hoping to become that character or at least close to it.A few major characteristics of this type of cosplayer may be an enthusiastic attitude and the tendency to pay less attention to detail and quality. Such cosplayers are also known to criticize other cosplayers for not having a full knowledge of their character, or not also adopting character personality. This can cause a lot of conflict between cosplayers. (Cosplay, 2012) The second is those people who enjoy the attention that cosplaying a certain character brings. They have to dress as the most popular character so they can have the most attention.Within the cultures of anime and manga specifically, there is a certain level of dishonor that is attached to cosplayers with this type of attitude. Such cosplayers are usually characterized by paying close attention to detail in their garments and their choice of popular characters. They are also noted by participation in cosplay competitions. (Cosplay, 2012) The third category is those who enjoy the creative process, and the sense of personal achievement upon completion of the costume and character details.Such people are more likely to have a greater budget dedicated to the costumes, more complicated and better quality outfits with access to more materials. They are also more likely to engage with professional photographers and cosplay photographers to take high quality images of the cosplayer in their garment posing as the character. (Cosplay, 2012) Some of the most popular shows to dress as are Harry Potter, Star Wars, Star Trek, Avatar, Sailor Moon, and even the Rocky Horror Picture Show. Top films and television shows that inspire cosplay, 2010) The most famous and worlds largest cosplay convention is Comiket, also known as Comic Market, is still held in the Odaiba Area of Tokyo, Japan bi-annually. (Cosplay in Japan, 2011) A few others are The San Diego Comic-Con. The biggest event in the UK is the London MCM Expo at ExCeL London, while the biggest event in Europe takes place in France at Japan Expo in Paris, with an attendance of over 200,000 in 2012. (Cosplay, 2012) Some costumes can take months to even years to create.A lot of people will go through so much just to look like their chosen character. They will do crazy make up elaborate make up. They will buy wigs to match the charcters hair, or simply dye their own and style it the exact same way. Some characters have tattoos, which some cosplayers will have done to themselves. However, others will simply draw their own on rather than having the tattoo permanently. In every anime comic or show that you see, everyone has the signature â€Å"anime eyes†, the large, round, oddly colored eyes.Cosplayers who want the look just right will actually purchase contacts to help them achieve thi s unique animated look. Some cosplayers choose to hire a cosplay photographer to take high quality images of them in their costumes posing as the character. This is most likely to take place in a setting relevant to the character's origin, such as churches, parks, forests, water features and abandoned/run-down sites. Such cosplayers are likely to exhibit their work online, on blogs or artist websites. They may also choose to sell such images or print the images as postcards and give them as gifts. Cosplay, 2012) When at a cosplay convention, cosplayers tend to carry pictures of the character they are mimicking with them. Some societies see cosplay as unusual, but when you really think about it, is it that odd? People dressing up as something or someone they love, getting together with people who have a common interest in these things, and bringing many nations together at these conventions. Works Cited What is Cosplay? Understanding Cosplay and its many definitions. (2007). Retrieve d september 26, 2012, from thecosplayproject. om: http://www. thecosplayproject. com/what-is-cosplay. html Top films and television shows that inspire cosplay. (2010, August 31). Retrieved September 26, 2012, from citypages. com: http://blogs. citypages. com/dressingroom/2010/08/top_films_and_t. php? page=2 Cosplay in Japan. (2011, Nember 15). Retrieved September 26, 2012, from allinjapan. org: http://www. allinjapan. org/cosplay-in-japan/ Cosplay. (2012, september 24). Retrieved september 24, 2012, from Wikipedia the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cosplay

Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Example

Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Example Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Disempowered Individuals With Learning Disabilities Social Work Essay Essay Bing in the establishment was bad. I got tied up and locked up. I did nt hold any apparels of my ain, and no privateness. We got crush up at times but that was nt the worst. The existent hurting came from being a group. I was neer a individual. I was portion of a group to eat, kip and everything it was sad. ( As cited on Mencap.org ) Historically people with larning disablements have suffered disempowerment by being excluded from mainstream society through segregation in big establishments. ( Wolfensberger, 1972 ) people were dismpowered by holding small control over how they lived their lives. Although the Community Care Act 1990 has resulted in the closing and the relocation of people with larning disablements, people are still enduring disempowerment through exclusion by non being able to take how to populate their lives ( Ramcharan, et al 1997 ) . Authorization is: aˆÂ ¦ concerned with how people may derive corporate control over their lives, so as to accomplish their involvements as a group, and a method by which societal workers [ and other attention suppliers ] seek to heighten the power of people who lack it ( Thomas and Pierson 1996, p.134 ) . The Same As You? reexamine is the Scots Government s scheme for larning disablement services in Scotland.A The reappraisal sets out the Scots Government s wider policies of societal inclusion, equality and equity to enable alterations to go on for the better in the lives of people with learning disablements. A cardinal country identified within The Same As You? is Person Centred Planning. Person-centred planning means get downing with the person and seting the supports around them that will enable them to hold the life that they want. Person centred planning is a tool that can be used to be after with a individual. This can be to assist the individual think about what is of import in their life now and besides to believe about what what they would wish in the hereafter. Planing should include the individuals circle of support and affect all the people who are of import in the individuals life. ( Stalker and Campbell, 1998 ) . The thought behind individual cardinal planning was to react to jobs of societal exclusion, disempowerment and de-evalution. Person centred planning was developed in the 1980 s by a little figure of people including John O Brian and Michael Smull. As a manner of enabling people with larning disablements to travel out unintegrated establishments and back into the chief community. Person-centred planning is designed specifically to empower people, to straight back up their societal inclusion, and to straight dispute devaluation. By looking at what support is needed to let the individual included and involved in the community. ( Magito-Mclaughlin et al. , 2002 ) . Person centred attacks offer a different option to the traditional theoretical account of planning used for service proviso. The traditional methods of service proviso operated around the person having the service, with wellness and societal attention professionals doing all the determinations on the type of support the person received. The traditional theoretical account was disempowering to people with larning disablements as it focused on the individuals medical jobs, disregarding the qualities of the individual as human being. ( Sanderson, 2003 ) Person centered planning topographic points the person at the centre of the determination devising procedure, leting household members to go involved in the planning as Joynab, Mohammed s female parent provinces: Person-centred planning has given us hope and a vision for a better hereafter for Mohammed. We feel now we can hold a say in how and what service support he receives. We no longer believe that lone professionals know best for our boy. Mohammed s religion and cultural demands are recognised and responded to. ( DoH, 2010 ) Person centred be aftering expressions at the individuals qualities and is a manner of listening to what is of import in the individuals life. Peoples can direct their ain services and supports, in a individualized manner instead than trying to suit within preexistent service systems. An country where individual planning has helped the individual by listening to what they want enabling them to direct their services and support is through preparation and employment. Peoples with larning disablements have been marginalised from deriving employement, through the employers lack of understanding about larning disablements and stereotyped beliefs that they are incapable of working. As a female parent states I have a boy who has Down syndrome..I travel to the supermarkets and inquire if they could seek my boy outaˆÂ ¦I explain that he has Down syndrome, so they change the topic and say they will give me an application form.I explicate my boy can non compose, and they tell me he can non acquire an interview without an application form.Is this a manner of extinguishing the disabled? ( Anonymous part as cited by Williams,2009 ) Peoples with larning disablements benefit from working as it helps them to derive fiancial independency and security, increases their ego assurance and accomplishments and allows them to socialize. Todd ( 2002 ) demonstrates this in his study planning a new hereafter where an bureau worked with a immature adult male with autism whose end in life was to be an air hose pilot, even though this end was unrealistic. The support worker involved in his person-centered program, suggested and arranged a visit to Heathrow airdrome one time a hebdomad. The thought was to happen out what interested the immature adult male about being a pilot, was it the winging, planes or uniform? After sing the airdrome for a twosome of months it became evident that the luggage carrousels captivated him. The immature adult male was so supported to acquire a portion clip occupation as a luggage animal trainer. ( Todd, 2002 ) enabling the individual to go portion of the community. In a manner that values their h uman rights, gives them independency and pick. Person centred planning has a peculiar attack that can be used for different persons in different state of affairss. The four chief tools that can implemented include: McGill Action Planning System ( MAPS ) , this procedure is a utile tool for garnering information in the early phases of planning, assisting to place the individual endowments and demands. ELP ( Essential Lifestyle Planning ) is more normally used to be after for people who are traveling out of instititionalised attention. Personal Futures Planning is less service based, be givening to be used for constructing relationships with household, friends and suiting into the wider community. PATHS ( Planing Alternative Tomorrows and Hope ) is used to develop an action program for the person. ( Stalker and Campbell, 1998, Sanderson, 2000 ) Peoples with larning disablements can hold communicating jobs and should non be disregarded from holding individual centred planning for that ground. There are assorted techniques that can be used allow a individual with a larning disablement to pass on in their thoughts for the program, such as Makaton, speaking mats, mark linguistic communication and image Bankss. ( Grove, 2005 ) the program can be done any format that is accessible to the individual such as a written papers, a drawing or head map with images or an unwritten program recorded on to a compact phonograph record. Plans are the updated when the individual wishes to do a alteration or when they have achieved their end. Person centred planning is for eveyone, non merely for people who can pass on. As it can prosecute participants personally by leting them to hear of profoundly felt hopes and dreams and frights, even if the individual feels they are silly. As the planning procedure allows the individual to interrupt free from the misconceptions and conventions that can tackle their hereafter. Some illustrations of peoples dreams were a immature adult male wanted a trip to Mexico as portion of his vision. Another is taking guitar lessons as a manner to accomplish his end of being a state and western vocalist. An older adult female, in her program, decided to retire. Another is taking art categories and larning to paint watercolors. Get downing a concern, traveling to college or university, purchasing a house, these are all things that are possible through individual centered planning. ( ne-pdd.org ) Person centered planning has helped people achieve authorization is their pick to organize relationships, acquire married or have kids. Peoples with larning disablements have the same demand for love and relationships as do all human existences. However this demand is non being met for people with a learning disablement. Literature on the topic provides information about gender in respects to larning disablements, nevertheless it seems to concentrate on disablement and gender from the position of it being a job. ( Parritt, 2005. ) This negative position of people with larning disablements and gender stems from the historical position of larning disablements, where people with disablements were placed in establishments and segregated ( Potts and Fido,1991 ) This degree of control can still be seen today with professional s and households seeking to deter familiarity and relationships, sing the individual with a disablement as vulnerable, seen as the eternal kid ( McCarthy, 1999 ) Mrs Susan Hurst and Mr Frank Hurst tell their narrative of Our Wedding, Our Dream where individual centred planning enabled them to acquire married. Mrs Hurst provinces, some people felt there was nt a demand for us to acquire married but we wanted what every one else hadaˆÂ ¦Getting married had ever been our dreamaˆÂ ¦ . ( csrpcp.net ) Mr. and Mrs. Hurst depict how the tools of individual centered planning enabled them to place both their hopes, ends and dreams for the hereafter this enabled them both excessively make all the determinations in be aftering for their nuptials. Mr and Mrs Hurst explain that they even planned their honeymoon and travelled to their honeymoon finish without the adjutant of support workers, as individual centered planning had enabled them to be after in front of the troubles that might happen and how the twosome would decide them when on vacation. Without Person centered be aftering Mr and Mrs Hurst would neer hold been able to acquire married or travel on honeymoon. Mr and Mrs Hurst felt that individual centered planning helped them to accomplish their ends enabling them to experience in control of their lives, leting them to take their human right to acquire married and regard for private and household life. ( csrpcp.net ) There is statute law that supports the rights of people with larning disablements to hold carry throughing relationships and sex lives if that is their pick. ( Article 8 ) provinces that every homo being has a right to esteem for private and household life. The Disability Discrimination Act ( 1995 ) gives people the right to entree household planning clinics and advice centres. Peoples with larning disablements should be accepted as people who have the same capacity for loving as others in society. ( Lesselliers, 1999 ) Loneliness and isolation may happen through the deficiency of chance to hold loving relationships. Therefore individual centred planning can enable people with larning disablements to be empowered by leting them to do these determinations and taking how they want to populate their lives. individual centred be aftering improves the individual quality of life. Increasing the individuals right to empowerment through the right to work where they want, where they would wish to populate and increasing their societal web by allowing them take how they would to socialize. ( Whitney-Thomas et al. , 1998 ) . Relationships improve for the individual at the Centre of the planning, as they became more motivated and end oriented. As the engagement procedure allows friends and household to fall in in the planning and assist the individual achieve their ends. Parents besides reported that individual centred planning had such an impact on their household s lives, that they choose to go involved in developing other households in the importance of individual centered planning. As individual centred planning is designed to concentrate on one individual at a clip, it increases the possible to broaden chances for people with larning disablements in deriving the life they choose. As Person centred planning allows the individual to take how, when and where they want support or services delivered instead than the standard one size fits all attack. ( OBrien A ; Lovett, 1993 ) . However there are restrictions to individual centered planning for people with learning disablements. Insufficient support and resources can impede the planning procedure individuals and their chance to accomplish their ends, go forthing people disillusioned with the procedure. Person centered planning requires trained and good equipt staff who are knowing about inclusion, rights of people with larning disablements and how to assist authorise people by directing them. As people can lose trust in centered planning if these values are non upheld. ( Kinsella 2000 ) , Person centered planning can take clip to accomplish marks, it is non suited for people who require exigency planning where action needs to take topographic point in a few yearss. The procedure is non a speedy hole ( OBrien A ; Lovett, 1993 ) . In decision people with larning disablements have suffered from disempowerment in the yesteryear as a consequence of institutionalized attention. However individual centered planning has enabled people with disablements to go empowered by leting them to do their ain picks and be to the full supported about how they would wish to populate their life. By leting people with larning disablements to take their right to employment through what occupation they would wish to work, this in bend empowers them by deriving fiancial independency and increased ego assurance, every bit good as larning accomplishments and acquiring to run into new people. Person centred planning has allowed people to derive their right to household life and matrimony, by leting people to be after their ain nuptials and honeymoon giving them independency to get down married life. Therefore individual centered planning creates positive effects that go beyond effectual planning. In that it allows people to be listened to and what is of import to them. However this is merely effectual if what is recorded on the program is acted on, as people will lose religion in individual centered planning if no action comes from their picks.

How Mating Lovebugs Put Drivers and Cars at Risk

How Mating Lovebugs Put Drivers and Cars at Risk Twice each year, Florida lovebugs make for some miserable motorists in the Sunshine State. These insects tend to swarm around roadsides and carelessly drift into the path of oncoming traffic. The result? Drivers with bug-coated windshields find it difficult to see. What are Florida lovebugs, and why are they such a hazard? Lovebugs Arent Bugs at All The infamous Florida lovebugs are no bugs at all, actually. Bugs, or true bugs, belong to the order hemiptera. Florida lovebugs are true flies of the order diptera. Florida love flies just doesnt have the same ring to it, though. All About Lovebugs The common name Florida lovebugs actually refers to the species Plecia nearctica, a small fly in the family Bibionidae thats also known as the March flies. Theyre black flies with red thoraxes, and most often can be seen flying in mated pairs, male and female joined together. Florida lovebugs are not a native species to North America. They originated in South America, but gradually expanded their range north into Central America, Mexico, and eventually into states that border the Gulf of Mexico. Today, theyve strayed as far north as North Carolina. Lovebugs are closely related to some of the most annoying bugs: mosquitoes, biting midges, sand flies, and fungus gnats. Compared to their kin, Florida lovebugs are quite harmless. They dont bite or sting, nor do they pose a threat to our crops or ornamental plants. In fact, their larvae are important decomposers of plant material that help build soil rich with organic matter. How Do Lovebugs Mate? Lovebugs become a nuisance during two short periods of each year. Florida lovebugs emerge and mate en masse, once in the spring (April to May) and again in late summer (August to September). When they do, they have an unfortunate habit of doing so along roads and highways, where they risk encounters with cars. First, a mating swarm of males, 40 or more in number, takes to the air. Sperm-seeking females fly into the swarm, where they are quickly grasped by partners and whisked off to a more romantic setting in the vegetation. After mating, the pair remains entwined, and together they head off on a honeymoon of sorts, feeding on nectar and choosing a site for oviposition of the couples fertilized eggs. When Lovebug Mating Gets Dangerous At times, the mating Florida lovebugs become so abundant in an area that they become a serious traffic hazard. Drivers traveling through a mating swarm soon find their windshields literally covered in dead lovebugs, limiting visibility. In extreme cases, enough lovebugs can coat the cars grill and disrupt the engines airflow, which can cause the car to overheat. Those who live in lovebug territory know its important to wash the dead lovebugs off your cars exterior as soon as possible. When the bodies of Florida lovebugs bake in the hot sun, their body fluids become acidic and may damage a cars paint. What to Do About Lovebugs If you drive through a swarm of mating lovebugs, make sure you hose your car down as soon as you can to clean your radiator grill and protect your cars paint. Pesticides arent recommended for controlling lovebugs. Although a short-term nuisance, these insects are beneficial in the long-term. Immature lovebug larvae decompose organic waste, and adult lovebugs are noteworthy pollinators.

Isolation Essays - Emotion, Health, Brain, Emotions, Free Essays

Isolation Essays - Emotion, Health, Brain, Emotions, Free Essays Isolation Nicole Bumbacco Ms. Hannah ELC 4AO Dec 23, 1999 Isolation is defined in the Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary as occurring when something is placed apart or alone. Naturally, humans are faced with feelings of isolation at certain times throughout their lives. However, there are particular types of isolation that capture the imagination of writers and artists. Canadian authors are drawn towards the theme of isolation in their literature. Characters portrayed in Canadian literature are either spiritually, emotionally, physically or geographically isolated. Isolation can either have a positive or negative affect on humans. Humans are often driven mad by isolation, where their only means of escaping is by death. Others who are isolated develop psychotic tendances which cause them to destroy themselves, as well as others. Throughout Canadian literature, isolation has an extremely negative effect upon the development of the individuals character. In the short story The Lamp at Noon, Sinclair Ross portrays the young woman Ellen as a character who is driven mad by her geographical isolation. Throughout this story, Ellen struggles to break free from the poor, barren and hopeless prairie landscape she and her family inhabit. Ellen has little contact with other people. Living in a two bedroom home and once a month to town with not a penny to spend was not the type of environment Ellen wanted to live in ( Ross, 36). Feelings of loneliness and isolation surround Ellen, trapping her in an inevitable, hopeless future. Undoubtable, Ellens geographical and physical isolation were not the only components of Ellens insanity. Ellen felt emotionally isolated from her husband, Paul. Paul was too preoccupied with his farm to even acknowledge Ellens feelings of isolation. Ellen addresses Paul many times, trying to convince him to leave the deserted prairie. Paul does not listen to Ellen. He feels that all he needs to provide Ellen with is clothes and nourishment (36). It is clearly shown at the end of this story when Ellen is driven into a state of insanity that Paul also needed to show her love and affection (42). Geographical and emotional isolation warped Ellens character into a state of madness. Sinclair Rosss The Lamp at Noon is not the only short story that portrays the negative effects of isolation. In Susanna Moodies Brian the Still Hunter, Brians isolation moulds him into a demented and vile character. Brians alcoholism isolates him from himself as well as others. When sober, others refer to him as a passionate man, but, when the wit was out and the liquor was in, he was as savage as a quarrelsome bear ( Ross, 6). Others feared Brians unpredictable character and therefore Brian endured little contact with others. Brians alcoholism also isolated him from his family both physically and emotionally. After being on a spree for a week or two,...he would hide himself up in the woods and steal home at night, and get what he wanted out of the pantry without speaking a word to anyone (6). This quote exemplifies the physical isolation Brian endures from his family, when he was drinking. Brians isolation also resulted in an emotionally unhealthy relationship with his wife. Alcoholism often compelled Brian to feel guilty and worthless toward his wife, he would take fits of remorse, and return home to his wife- would go down upon his knees and ask her forgiveness and cry like a child(6). Brians entire character was destroyed inside, he felt worthless and incapable. to escape his emotional isolation, Brian attempted to commit suicide. (8) Brians unsuccessful attempt at suicide lead him into physical isolation again. he left off drinking entirely, and wonders about the country with his dogs, hunting. he seldom speaks to anyone... (9). This quote exemplifies how Brain was driven into a state of insanity. The character of Brian in this short story greatly displayed the negative effects isolation can have. The negative effects of isolation can also be shown through W.O. Mitchells novel, Ladybug, Ladybug. In Ladybug, Ladybug, the negative effects of isolation warp character Charles Slaughter into a psychopath. The only time Charles felt loved or acknowledged throughout his life was in the presence of his father. Even though Charles father was rarely around, he always remembered to bring him home a present. This gesture

Strategic Business IT Usage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Business IT Usage - Essay Example Positive results have already been observed due to the organization's initiative in the utilization of information technology in the country. Farmers have been able to maximize their produce through the different information that they obtain from telecentres ("Southern Africa," n.d.). The internet encourages global marketing and promotion, however remained explored by the community thus farmers are but confined to the selling of their goods locally. They were not equipped with sufficient information on maximizing the use of the internet to optimize returns eventually leading to a sustainable production. Zambian community may be considered an amateur in the field of information technology. They have not yet been equipped with adequate information regarding the maximization of IT in business strategies. Conversely, there may have been a number of the Zambian community who are aware of such yet they do not have the necessary knowledge and skills, as well as equipments that are significant in this advancement. This need must be addressed appropriately in order to optimize the positive results that the Zambian community has been experiencing lately through the use of information technology. One important aspect in sustaining a business is to develop a wide range of market for which it will be able to move freely and competitively. With the help of the world wide web through the internet, farmers and businessmen in Zambia will be able to obtain various information on increasing their profits and productivity. Extensive IT training and use is deemed appropriate in this situation in order to deal with this need. The training that will be provided for in the group will include the use of the different internet sites in which farmers and businessmen can promote and market their produce and products. They will be provided with sufficient knowledge and skills in which they will use successfully in order to attain sustainability and larger profit. Q3. What is your intended general research approach style and method For this research, it is necessary to find out how much does the Zambian community know about information technology. The extent in which the Zambian community utilize the different aspects of IT must be identified in order to locate in which aspects of the field are they not well familiar with, as much as the areas in which they do not know of. The project requires that there should be an intensive research done on the number of entrepreneurs, as well as small scale farmers, who utilizes the World Wide Web as a marketing medium for the promotion of their products. Ones the group is identified, they will also be asked regarding the areas in the use of information technology that they are well aware of. A set of questionnaires that will address to these needs will be distributed among various them that are identified to be the ones significantly affected by the development of IT. The respondents of this study

Technology Management in Education Annotated Bibliography

Technology Management in Education - Annotated Bibliography Example This paper was important to my study of management of technology in education as it enabled me to have a clear picture of the concerns that accompany its use and the types of technological tools that can presently be found in many classrooms. I also found it useful to learn the extent to which teachers are familiar with technology. This particular study examined the present trends of technology and the way that the concerns of teachers have developed over time. The research was carried out over a four year period and looked at two hundred teachers who were assessed over aspects such as awareness, the amount of information they have concerning the use of technology in education and how exactly they manage this technology. This study looked at the concerns that teachers have over several levels of their professional development. In using this paper for my research, I was able to have a better understanding of the concerns of teachers and especially the feelings that they have over the implementation of technology and more importantly, the tools that they use in order to effectively manage this technology. this paper was especially important since it looks at the implementation across a number of international environments which I believe enabled my paper to be more comprehensive. In this particular study, the author presents a report on the research that she has done on schools and how teaching has evolved in the 21st century. She examines the impact that technology has had on the field of education and examines how education has moved from instances where teachers stood in front of the classroom to one which focuses more on collaboration and centered on the student. This paper was critical to my research since it enabled me to learn how technology has enabled students become global citizens and some of the core characteristics of school curriculums in the 21st century. The paper also enabled me to have an understanding of the strategies that are needed in

To what extent was propaganda's importance to the rise of Hitler Essay

To what extent was propaganda's importance to the rise of Hitler - Essay Example Hitler had many personality flaws that had to be overcome before he could successfully lead any political party. Hitler was paranoid about many subjects. Takeovers and conspiracies were a common theme in Hitler’s mind. In Mein Kampf, Hitler talked about Jews endlessly. One example states â€Å"I gradually discovered that the Social Democratic Party was predominately controlled by Jews.† Hitler really believed that Jews had a worldwide conspiracy against the German people. Instead of showing his paranoia against the Jews, Hitler laid down logical reasons for his hatred toward the Jews. For example: He painted a vivid picture of a revivified and dynamic 'racial community' that would overcome all distinctions of class, estate and station. The economy would be invigorated by two four-year plans and 'national rebirth' ensured by the reassertion of family values and a return to the basic tenets of Christian morality. Instead of just stating his paranoid facts about the Jews, Hitler used a positive spin to include others in his paranoid beliefs. The propaganda of the Jews standing in the way of better economic plan, or even a better Germany was easier to sell to the Germans than paranoid beliefs about a Jewish or Communist conspiracies. Another problem that Hitler had to hide was his phobia with the opposite sex. Hitler was very shy around women. One woman that he loved above others was his niece, Geli. There is much speculation about whether these two had a sexual relationship. The relationship came to a tragic end when Geli commuted suicide. Hitler only had serious relationships with three women, Geli, Miezl Reiter, and Eva Braun Not much is known about Reiter, except she was his chauffeur’s sister.... tionship came to a tragic end when Geli commuted suicide.4 Hitler only had serious relationships with three women, Geli, Miezl Reiter, and Eva Braun Not much is known about Reiter, except she was his chauffeur’s sister.5 Eva Braun Hitler's longtime mistress, eventually married Hitler right before both of them committed suicide in the last days of World War II. Braun was not very stable. She tried multiple times to kill herself.6 Hitler did not appear publicly attached to these women. The propaganda surrounding Hitler and women was on of a single man. The unattainable bachelor made German women swoon. Every German woman attracted to Hitler could imagine the possibility of being with the Fuehrer. If he needed to use propaganda to promote a wife, children, and family life, Hitler used Magda Gobbels, Josef Gobbels' wife.7 The single bachelor image helped promote his popularity with women, despite his failed personal relationships. In order to carry out the Final Solution, or the d estruction of the Jews, Hitler could not lay out his true plans. This is where propaganda came into play. In order to cover up the paranoia of a madman, Hitler started laying out a case against the Jews. His first propaganda piece was Mein Kampf. As his position in the Nazi movement grew so did the propaganda. The main propaganda against the Jews was the idea that: Hitler and his leading propagandists were able to entertain completely contradictory versions of events simultaneously, one rooted in the grandiose idea of a master race and world domination the other in the self-pitying paranoia of the innocent, beleaguered victim. Grandiosity and paranoia were two poles of one fanatical ideology.8 By portraying his anti-Semitic sentiments as a noble cause, or a German cause, Hitler was able to come

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws Essay - 1

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws - Essay Example In exchange for virgins in the afterlife, some Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war to kill innocent civilians. Evidently, the two readings show the Muslim people’s diverse interpretations of the Koran’s Suras and related Muslim resources. The research focuses on the different interpretations of Muslim laws. One of the laws, Jihad, has diverse interpretations. Similarly, the gender issue has different explanations. Other Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war. The holy war includes killing innocent civilians. Asra Nomani questions the diverse interpretations of the Muslim laws, including the gender equality issues. The authors, Mariane Pearl (2003) and Asra Nomani (2005) emphasized that Muslim life is compounded by one Muslim group’s daily struggles to influence the other individuals’ decisions. The story A Mighty Heart (Pearl, 2003) centers on the interpretation of the Jihad principles. The author describes the dangerous life of Danny Pearl, South Asian News Bureau Chief of Wall Street Journal. As a reporter, Danny traveled around South Asian countries to gather the latest news stories. Mariane Pearl writes the story of the life and death of her husband. Danny disappeared when he was about to meet Sheikh Ali Shah Gilan, the founder of a U.S. jihad group. Danny’s research focused on some Muslim groups’ devotion to Jihad as one of their duties. Past Jihad acts includes the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 9/11 U.S. airplane attacks (Pearl, 2003). Pearl’s thesis statement: Many Muslim groups have different interpretations of the Muslim Jihad Principle, some violent while others peaceful. The author correctly showed that some Muslim groups prioritize their time and energy to Jihad’s terroristic activities.  

Government Fiscal Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government Fiscal Policy - Essay Example One of the segments of the economy that benefited the most was the banking industry. The banks in the United States had been acting unethically giving out loans to people that did not quality in order to boost their profits. A lot of Americans lost their homes in the middle of this fiasco. The stimulus package helped save over 3.5 million jobs in America particularly jobs in the manufacturing and construction sector. The Big 3 Auto makers also received financial help from the federal government. The reduction in taxes helped put more money in to the hands of American citizens. Classical economy theory states that the economy is always capable of achieving natural level of real GPD or output (Cliffnotes, 2013). I do not think that classical economy theory would have applied to the economic issues the nation was facing. The United States needed governmental intervention back in 2007-2009 to recover from the recession it was facing. The impact of the economic stimulus package on the governmental budget was that it increased the national debt in the long run and in the short run it increased the yearly budget of the

HealthCare Reform in the United States Research Proposal - 1

HealthCare Reform in the United States - Research Proposal Example Based on the study conducted by the Pacific Institute on Research and Evaluation (PIRE) in 1999, almost 3,500 deaths are caused by drinkers of below the age of twenty one every year (STATS, 2005). In fact, the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) reports that approximately 70% to 80% of road accidents occur due to alcohol consumption amongst youngsters below the age of 25. Thus, evaluation needs to be conducted to review the existing policies and come up with sound measures that would cut across the policy criteria effectively to address the teen drunk-driving fatalities problem. According to the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001), alcohol product pricing has an effect on the rates of the consumption of alcohol in the society. Studies have demystified that if all other factors are held constant, alcohol price increase in general results in a decrease in alcohol consumption, and the opposite is true. The regimes of taxation are a platform from which alcohol price can be influenced. Most governments use their political autocracy for raising revenue to fulfil its goals of protecting the freedom and wellbeing of the citizens. Generally, the revenue comes from taxes. Alcohol is a significant source for raising government revenue in most countries. The benefits of increasing taxation on alcoholic beverages lie on the basis of public health view. Taxing alcohol as a measure of policy is relatively elementary and acceptable by the government who obtain revenue from it to fulfil its mandate of satisfying public needs. Through making the alcoholic drinks more expensive, there would be a decrease in per capita consumption and this would in turn reduce the problems associated with it. From a public health perspective, taxing alcoholic drinks would prevent both social and health problems and minimize alcohol-based burden on society. Thus, aside from just curbing drunk-driving

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws Essay - 1

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws - Essay Example In exchange for virgins in the afterlife, some Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war to kill innocent civilians. Evidently, the two readings show the Muslim people’s diverse interpretations of the Koran’s Suras and related Muslim resources. The research focuses on the different interpretations of Muslim laws. One of the laws, Jihad, has diverse interpretations. Similarly, the gender issue has different explanations. Other Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war. The holy war includes killing innocent civilians. Asra Nomani questions the diverse interpretations of the Muslim laws, including the gender equality issues. The authors, Mariane Pearl (2003) and Asra Nomani (2005) emphasized that Muslim life is compounded by one Muslim group’s daily struggles to influence the other individuals’ decisions. The story A Mighty Heart (Pearl, 2003) centers on the interpretation of the Jihad principles. The author describes the dangerous life of Danny Pearl, South Asian News Bureau Chief of Wall Street Journal. As a reporter, Danny traveled around South Asian countries to gather the latest news stories. Mariane Pearl writes the story of the life and death of her husband. Danny disappeared when he was about to meet Sheikh Ali Shah Gilan, the founder of a U.S. jihad group. Danny’s research focused on some Muslim groups’ devotion to Jihad as one of their duties. Past Jihad acts includes the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 9/11 U.S. airplane attacks (Pearl, 2003). Pearl’s thesis statement: Many Muslim groups have different interpretations of the Muslim Jihad Principle, some violent while others peaceful. The author correctly showed that some Muslim groups prioritize their time and energy to Jihad’s terroristic activities.  

HealthCare Reform in the United States Research Proposal - 1

HealthCare Reform in the United States - Research Proposal Example Based on the study conducted by the Pacific Institute on Research and Evaluation (PIRE) in 1999, almost 3,500 deaths are caused by drinkers of below the age of twenty one every year (STATS, 2005). In fact, the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001) reports that approximately 70% to 80% of road accidents occur due to alcohol consumption amongst youngsters below the age of 25. Thus, evaluation needs to be conducted to review the existing policies and come up with sound measures that would cut across the policy criteria effectively to address the teen drunk-driving fatalities problem. According to the Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (2001), alcohol product pricing has an effect on the rates of the consumption of alcohol in the society. Studies have demystified that if all other factors are held constant, alcohol price increase in general results in a decrease in alcohol consumption, and the opposite is true. The regimes of taxation are a platform from which alcohol price can be influenced. Most governments use their political autocracy for raising revenue to fulfil its goals of protecting the freedom and wellbeing of the citizens. Generally, the revenue comes from taxes. Alcohol is a significant source for raising government revenue in most countries. The benefits of increasing taxation on alcoholic beverages lie on the basis of public health view. Taxing alcohol as a measure of policy is relatively elementary and acceptable by the government who obtain revenue from it to fulfil its mandate of satisfying public needs. Through making the alcoholic drinks more expensive, there would be a decrease in per capita consumption and this would in turn reduce the problems associated with it. From a public health perspective, taxing alcoholic drinks would prevent both social and health problems and minimize alcohol-based burden on society. Thus, aside from just curbing drunk-driving

Water contamination Essay Example for Free

Water contamination Essay Contamination of the waters of Lake Erie has been going on since a very long time. Beginning from the year 1969 where legislative measures were taken up to control the pollution of the lake and protect aquatic life in it and ensure that the lake was safe for humans too, the quality of the water has undergone many changes from bad to worse. The reasons that lead to the contamination, their effects on the quality of the water and the resultant damage have been carefully studied and examined by researchers and ecologists all over the world. Lake Erie today represents one of the worst cases of stratification and environmental pollution associated with human activities, urbanization and agriculture. Water Contamination Lake Erie is one of the smallest among the five Great Lakes in terms of its measurement. Bounded by Ontario in Canada and New York in the United States, this lake got so polluted that it made it to the headlines of the national news in the month of June 1969. With an average depth of sixty-two feet and two hundred feet being one of the deepest parts, Lake Erie underwent extreme contamination due to the disposal of sewage and contamination through toxic heavy metals and the usage of pesticides in agriculture. According to Professor Henry Regier of the University of Toronto (1993), â€Å"When you die you will be replaced by billions and billions of living microbes. You will be reorganized in a different form. That is what is happening to Lake Erie. There is a dead zone occupying perhaps one-quarter of the central basin of the lake. This area is not really dead. † In 2004 again, more than eight billion gallons of storm water and untreated sewage was discharged into the waterways of the Lake Erie basin. These were laden with harmful bacteria like Salmonella, disease-causing parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium and deadly viruses like the Hepatitis-A virus. In 2005, unsafe levels of E. coli bacteria were found in the waters of the lake. Lake Erie was severely affected by industrial runoff that one of its tributaries, the Cuyahoga River, caught fire in the year 1969, which lead to the Clean Water Act of 1972. From becoming a victim to the damaging effects of sewage disposal through other sources, Lake Erie along with the other companion Great Lakes has tuned into a large source of contamination by itself today. The Great Lakes are now a source of many chemicals to other regions of the globe (The International Air Quality Advisory Board, 1998). Areas in Canada and Scandinavia and beyond are in danger due to the chemicals from Lake Erie that infiltrated them through the air. Though there exists a possibility that the pollutants are changing from volatile chemicals into gases dispersed by the winds, there is no hope that the contamination will come to and end. Don McKay (1998), a member of the Canadian board stated, â€Å"The contamination is merely taking up a new address and isnt really going away. We will not be able to say weve eliminated these pesticides from our environment. Where youve got more pollutant, its going to go to where there is less. † Nearly forty percent of the swimmers suffered from nausea, diarrhoea, stomachaches and headaches after a swim in lake Erie. Due to the environmental contamination, the upper water layer reached temperatures of 26’ C while the lower layers have a temperate of 6’-8’ C. This has lead to stratification, the death of planktons, the production of deadly gases in which the deadly spore-forming bacteria ‘botulinum’ thrives and zebra, quagga mussels do not survive in the waters of lake Erie beyond a day or two. More than half the area of the lake is now ‘anoxic’ which means there is less than 0. 5 mg of dissolved oxygen per litre of water. There is a hypothesis that the contamination of the lake began as early as post the Second World War because of the agents and chemicals used in killing the insects and bugs in the cotton fields. After the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1972 was signed, the phosphorous levels of Lake Erie decreased significantly to 1mg/ L of water. According to Gordon Durnil (1998-1992), â€Å"It is clear to us that persistent toxic substances have caused widespread injury to the environment and to human health. As a society we can no longer afford to tolerate their presence in our environment and in our bodies. Hence, if a chemical or group of chemicals is persistent, toxic and bio accumulative, we should immediately begin a process to eliminate it. Since it seems impossible to eliminate discharges of these chemicals through other means, a policy of banning or sun setting their manufacture, distribution, storage, use and disposal appears to be the only alternative. † References David Dolan, M. (1993). Point source loadings of phosphorus to Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research (Vol. 19, no. 2, 212-223). Retrieved from www. iaglr. org Katherine Rizzo, (1998) Reversal of fortune: Great Lakes now source of pollution elsewhere The Associated Press. Retrieved from www. centuryinter. net/tjs11/hist/lakes2. htm Walter Stewart (2003) Great Lakes Article: After years of good news, Lake Erie is once again under siege this time from biological pollution. Canadian Geographic. Retrieved from www. greatlakesdirectory. org/on/101603_great_lakes. htm

Functions of the Immune System | Dengue Fever Immunity

Functions of the Immune System | Dengue Fever Immunity The function of the immune system is to keep contagious microorganisms, such as definite bacteria, viruses and fungi, out of the body, and to demolish any infectious microorganisms that do attack the body. The immune system is completed by a complex and imperative network of cells and organs that guard the body from infection (1). The organs of the immune system are called the lymphoid organs, which have an effect on growth, development, and the free of lymphocytes (a confident type of white blood cell) (2). The lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are main parts of the lymphoid organs, because they transmit the lymphocytes to different areas in the body and from different areas in the body. All lymphoid organs play a task in the making and also activation of lymphocytes. Layered Defense Organisms are protected by the immune system from infections with layered defenses of rising specificity. If these barriers were breached a pathogen, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific reaction. All plants and animals have Innate immune systems (3). If pathogens effectively evade the innate response, vertebrates have a third layer of protection, the adaptive immune system. The innate response activates the adaptive immune system. Surface Barriers The body of the human continuously faces attack from foreign invaders that can cause disease and infection. These invaders sort from living microbes , such as fungi, bacteria, parasites, and viruses, to dead toxins, drugs, and chemicals. As our luck, the body has many internal and external defenses that avoid most dangerous attackers from entering and causing damages. The physical layers that stay them at inlet commonly are referred to as the bodys 1st line of defense. The largest body organ is skin; is presents both a physical and also a chemical barrier against the outer environment. The skin makes a defensive cover that completely encloses around the body, shielding blood vessels, muscles, nerves, bones and organs. When tears or cuts in the outer surface of the skin, present an opening for infective organisms, glands under the skin, produce an enzyme that helps to destroy bacteria (4). Although areas of the body not covered with skin, do not unprotected. Mucous membranes, the wet layer of the respiratory system. They produce mucus, a sultry substance that catches irritants that enter through the nose. Innate immune system The cells that mediate immunity embody neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, giant lymphocytes that are not T cells but are cytotoxic. all these cells answer macromolecule and saccharide sequences distinctive to microorganism cell walls and to alternative substances characteristic of growth and transplant cells. They exert their effects by means of the complement and alternative systems, with the cells they attack oftentimes dying by osmotic lysis or cell death (5). Their cytokines also activate cells of the nonheritable immune system. a vital link in immunity in Drosophila melanogaster is a receptor supermolecule named toll, that binds plant life antigens and triggers activation of genes cryptography for antifungal proteins (6). Humeral and Chemical Barriers Some microbes penetrate the bodys protecting barriers and enter the interior tissues. There they encounter a variety of chemical substances which will stop their growth. These substances embody chemicals whose protecting effects are related to their primary perform within the body, chemicals whose principal perform is to harm or destroy invaders, and chemicals made by present bacterium (7). Inflammation Inflammation is one in every of the primary responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain, that are caused by augmented blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is made by eicosanoids and cytokines, that are released by livid or infected cells (6). Eicosanoids embody prostaglandins that manufacture fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation, and leukotrienes that attract bound white blood cells (leukocytes). Common cytokines embody interleukins that are chargeable for communication between white blood cells; chemokines that promote chemo taxis; and interferons that have anti-viral effects, like motion down supermolecule synthesis within the host cell. Growth factors and cytotoxic factors may additionally be released (7). These cytokines and alternative chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of any broken tissue following the removal of pathogens. Complement System The complement system is a organic chemistry cascade that attacks the surfaces of foreign cells. It contains over twenty completely different proteins and is called for its ability to complement the killing of pathogens by antibodies. Complement is that the major humeral element of the innate response. several species have complement systems, as well as non-mammals like plants, fish, and some invertebrates (8),(9). Cellular Barriers Leukocytes (white blood cells) act like independent, acellular organisms and are the second arm of the innate immune system. The innate leukocytes embody the phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and nerve fibre cells), mast cells, eosinophils, basophiles, and natural killer T cells. These cells identify and eliminate pathogens, either by attacking larger pathogens through contact or by engulfing so killing micro organisms (10). Adaptive immune system Lymphocytes are available in 2 major types: B cells and T cells. The peripheral blood contains 20-50% of current humorocytes; the rest move within the lymph system. Roughly eightieth of them are T cells, V-day B cells and remainder are null or undifferentiated cells. Lymphocytes constitute 20-40% of the bodys WBCs (6). Their total mass is concerning an equivalent as that of the brain or liver. (Heavy stuff ) B cells are made within the stem cells of the bone marrow; they manufacture protein and superintend humeral immunity. T cells are non antibody-producing lymphocytes that are also made within the bone marrow but hypersensitised within the thymus and constitute the idea of cell-mediated immunity. the assembly of these cells is diagrammed below. parts of the immune system are changeable and may adapt to raised attack the invasive matter (11). There are 2 fundamental adaptive mechanisms: cell-mediated immunity and humeral immunity. Lymphocytes A white blood cell is a style of white corpuscle present within the blood. White blood cells help defend the body against diseases and fight infections. when the overall defense systems of the body have been penetrated by dangerous invasive microorganisms, lymphocytes help give a particular response to attack the invasive organisms (12). Killer T cells A large differentiated t cell that functions in cell-mediated immunity by attacking and essential amino acid target cells that have specific surface antigens (6). also known as cytotoxic t cell, killer cell. Helper T cells Any of varied T cells that, when stirred up by a particular matter, unharness lymphokines that promote the activation and function of B cells and killer T cells (13). B Lymphocytes and Antibodies A b cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a particular foreign matter. This antigen/antibody advanced is preoccupied by the b cell and processed by chemical process into peptides. The b cell then displays these substance peptides on its surface MHC category II molecules (14). this combination of MHC and matter attracts a matching helper t cell, that releases lymphokines and activates the b cell. because the activated b cell then begins to divide, its offspring (plasma cells) secrete scores of copies of the protein that recognizes this matter (12). different adaptive immune system The alternative adaptive immune systems in vertebrates have several similarities, but dissent therein Lucien-rich-repeat (LRR)-based variable white blood cell (VLR) receptors are employed by bone vertebrates versus the Ig-based TCR and BCR employed by jawed vertebrates. bone vertebrates have 2 VLR sorts, VLRA and VLRB, the various repertoires of that are expressed by separate lymphocytes populations (15). Immunological Memory the capability of the bodys immune system to recollect AN encounter with AN matter owing to the activation of B cells or T cells having specificity for the matter and to react more swiftly to the matter by means that of these activated cells during a later encounter (6). Passive memory Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly prone to infection. many layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. throughout pregnancy, a selected style of protein, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with an equivalent vary of matter specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrums also contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the baby and defend against microorganism infections until the newborn can synthesize its own antibodies (16). Active memory Long-term active memory is nonheritable following infection by activation of B and T cells. active immunity also can be generated by artificial means, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also known as immunization) is to introduce AN matter from a microorganism in order to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that specific microorganism while not inflicting malady associated with that organism (17). Disorders of Human Immunity Some of the most devastating disorders which will affect the humanity are those that attack the very weaponry weve got against diseases, our immune system (7). These disorders can vary in severity from inflicting small rashes or a stuffy nose, to attacking important organs throughout the body, inflicting death. they can also come back from a variety of sources from the genetic passing down of traits, to infection from a malady. These immune system disorders comprise four categories: immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic and cancer. Immunodeficiency An immunodeficiency disorder is one in every of the many disorders that attack the immune system. In these disorders the immune system has problems that cause the system to not work correctly. again and again this can be owing to a genetic trait or congenital disorder (6). the most common immunodeficiency disorders are severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), also known as bubble boy disorder, Di St. George syndrome, and ig A deficiency (18). Motor vehicle Immunity Autoimmune disorders attack the immune system by tricking the body into thinking its own organs are foreign invaders. when this happens, the phagocytes and lymphocytes activate healthy tissues and organs and destroy them. Common autoimmune diseases are lupus, scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis and juvenile rheumatism. The severity of AN disease can vary dramatically (19). Some could only cause localized swelling and inflammation by attacking the tissue within the joints, while others could cause death by attacking important organs. Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity refers to excessive, undesirable (damaging, discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions made by the traditional immune system. Hypersensitivity reactions need a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host. Hypersensitivity reactions is divided into four sorts: type I, type II, sort III and kind IV, based on the mechanisms involved and time taken for the reaction (20). Physiological Regulation Hormones can act as immunomodulators, sterilisation the sensitivity of the immune system. as an example, female sex hormones are famous immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses. Some autoimmune diseases like autoimmune disease strike women preferentially, and their onset typically coincides with pubescence. in contrast, male sex hormones like testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive. alternative hormones appear to control the immune system yet, most notably luteotropin, endocrine and alimentation (21),(22). Manipulation in medication The response is manipulated to suppress unwanted responses ensuing from autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection, and to stimulate protecting responses against pathogens that mostly elude the immune system (see immunization). immunosuppressive drugs are used to control autoimmune disorders or inflammation when excessive tissue harm occurs, ANd to stop transplant rejection once an transplantation. anti-inflammatory drug drugs are typically used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs; but, these drugs can have several undesirable facet effects, like central obesity, symptom, osteoporosis, and their use should be tightly controlled (23). Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drug drugs are typically used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such asmethotrexate or Imuran. Cytotoxic drugs inhibit the response by killing dividing cells like activated T cells. However, the killing is indiscriminate and alternative p erpetually dividing cells and their organs are affected, that causes harmful facet effects. immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine stop T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways (24). What is dengue fever? Dengue fever is a malady caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. its AN acute malady of sudden onset that typically follows a benign course with symptoms like headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen glands , and rash. Signs and Symptoms Many folks, especially kids and teenagers, could expertise no signs or symptoms throughout a mild case of dengue fever. when symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to ten days once the person is bitten by AN infected dipteron (25). Signs and symptoms of dengue fever most typically include: Fever, up to 106 F (41 C) Headaches Muscle, bone and joint pain Pain behind your eyes You might also experience: Widespread rash Nausea and puking Minor trauma from your gums or nose Most people recover within per week or so. In some cases, however, symptoms worsen and may become grievous. Blood vessels typically become broken and leaky, and the number of clot-forming cells in your bloodstream falls (25). this will cause: Bleeding from the nose and mouth Severe abdominal pain Persistent puking Bleeding under the skin, which can appear as if bruising? Problems along with your lungs, liver and heart Clinical Course The characteristic symptoms of breakbone fever are sudden-onset fever, headache (typically situated behind the eyes), muscle and joint pains, and a rash (25). The alternative name for breakbone fever, break-bone fever, comes from the associated muscle and joint pains. The course of infection is split into 3 phases: febrile , critical, and recovery. The febrile part involves high fever, typically over forty ÂÂ °C (104 ÂÂ °F), and is associated with generalized pain and a headache; this sometimes lasts 2 to seven days. At this stage, a rash occurs in 50-80% of those with symptoms. It occurs within the initial or second day of symptoms as flushed skin, or later within the course of malady (days 4-7), as a measles-like rash. Some petechiae (small red spots that do not disappear when the skin is pressed, that are caused by broken capillaries) can appear at this point, as could some gentle trauma from the secretion membranes of the mouth and nose. The fever itself is classically biphasic in nature, breaking so returning for one or 2 days, though there is wide variation in however typically this pattern truly happens (26). Causes Transmission Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by Aides mosquitoes, particularly A. aegypti. These mosquitoes sometimes live between the latitudes of 35ÂÂ ° North ANd 35ÂÂ ° South below an elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). They bite primarily throughout the day. alternative genus Aedes species that transmit the malady embody A. albopictus, A. polynesiensis and A. scutellaris. Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it also circulates in anthropoid primates. AN infection is nonheritable via a single bite (27). infectious agent Replication Once inside the skin, breakbone fever virus binds to Langerhans cells . The virus enters the cells through binding between infectious agent proteins and membrane proteins on the Langerhans cell, specifically the C-type lectins known as DC-SIGN, mannose receptor and CLEC5A. DC-SIGN, a non-specific receptor for foreign material on nerve fibre cells, seems to be the main purpose of entry. The nerve fibre cell moves to the nearest node (28). Meanwhile, the virus ordination is replicated in membrane-bound vesicles on the cells endoplasmic reticulum, wherever the cells supermolecule synthesis equipment produces new infectious agent proteins, and the infectious agent RNA is traced (26). Severe malady It is not entirely clear why secondary infection with a unique strain of breakbone fever virus places folks at risk of breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever and breakbone fever shock syndrome. the most wide accepted hypothesis is that of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). the exact mechanism behind ade is unclear. it may be caused by poor binding of non-neutralizing antibodies and delivery into the incorrect compartment of white blood cells that have eaten the virus for destruction. there is a suspicion that ade is not the only mechanism underlying severe dengue-related complications, and various lines of analysis have implied a role for T cells and soluble factors like cytokines and the complement system (25). Diagnosis Diagnosing dengue fever is tough, as a result of its signs and symptoms is easily confused with those of alternative diseases like malaria, swamp fever and enteric fever. Your doctor can seemingly raise concerning your medical and travel history. make sure to explain international visits thoroughly, as well as the countries you visited and the dates, yet as any contact you will have had with mosquitoes. bound laboratory tests can observe proof of the breakbone fever viruses, but test results sometimes come too late to assist direct treatment selections . (25),(27) Classification The World Health Organizations 2009 classification divides dengue fever into 2 groups: uncomplicated and severe. The 1997 classification divided breakbone fever into undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, and breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever. breakbone fever hemorrhagic fever was divided additional into grades I-IV. Grade I is that the presence only of easy bruising or a positive bandage test in someone with fever, grade II is that the presence of spontaneous trauma into the skin et al, grade III is that the clinical proof of shock, and grade IV is shock so severe that pressure and pulse cannot be detected. Grades III and IV are noted as dengue shock syndrome (27). Prevention All control efforts ought to be directed against the mosquitoes. its important to take control measures to eliminate the mosquitoes and their breeding places. Efforts ought to be intense before the transmission season and through epidemics (25),(27). (1) stop dipteron bites: (a) breakbone fever Mosquitoes Bite throughout the Daytime defend Yourself from the Bite (b) Wear full-sleeve clothes and long dresses to cover the limbs. (c) Use repellents care ought to be taken in victimisation repellents on young kids and elders. (d) Use dipteron coils and electrical vapor mats throughout the daytime to stop breakbone fever. (e) Use dipteron nets to safeguard babies, old folks et al who could rest throughout the day. The effectiveness of such nets is improved by treating them with permethrin. Curtains also can be treated with insecticide and decorated at windows or doorways, to repel or kill mosquitoes. (f) Break the cycle of mosquito-human-mosquito infection. Mosquitoes become infected once they bite people that are sick with breakbone fever. dipteron nets and dipteron coils can effectively stop more mosquitoes from biting sick folks and help stop the spread of breakbone fever. (2) stop the multiplication of mosquitoes: Mosquitoes that spread breakbone fever live and breed in stagnant water in and around houses. (a) Drain out the water from desert/window air coolers (when not in use), tanks, barrels, drums, buckets, etc. (b) remove all objects containing water (e.g. plant saucers, etc.) from the house. (c) All stored water containers ought to be unbroken lined in any respect times. (d) Collect and destroy discarded containers within which water collects, Treatment There arent any specific treatments for dengue fever. Treatment depends on the symptoms, variable from oral rehydration therapy reception with shut follow-up, to hospital admission with administration of intravenous fluids and/or insertion. a decision for hospital admission is often based on the presence of the warning signs listed within the table on top of, especially in those with preexisting health conditions (27),(29). Conclusion Three immune parts interact to provide a confluence of symptoms that outline DHF/DSS. breakbone fever virus initially infects immature nerve fibre cells through the mediation of DC-SIGN. Infected nerve fibre cells contribute to pathological process through production of metalloproteases and cytokines (30). Downstream of nerve fibre cells T-cells become activated and generate the very cytokines concerned in tube-shaped structure leak and shock in addition to activating soul cells. protein enhancement is mediated by Fc receptors that are conspicuously on mature nerve fibre cells. infectious agent replication mediated by antibodies is increased 100-fold. in addition their effects on breakbone fever replication, antibodies to infectious agent epitopes cross react with cell a supermolecule that has the result of stimulating CD8 soul cells and production of cytokines and anaphylatoxins. Anaphylatoxins is generated directly through infectious agent proteins or through formation of AN antibo dy-complement advanced. Anaphylatoxins in turn can alter the reactivity of T-cells.

The Elevator :: Creative Writing Essays

â€Å"Unconfirmed reports from Rikkers Islands says that one of their inmates hasescaped, and may be in the vacinity,† the DJ on Amy Batts’s car radio reported. ‘Great. Another thing to worry about,’ Amy thought as she pulled her car into the parking garage. â€Å"It is rumored that the prisoner that alledgedly escaped as a distingising tatoo on his right hand. Its suppossedly of a snake wrapped around a young girl,’ the DJ was saying as Amy parked her car. It was almost 8:30 on Tuesday night at Smith & Johnson’s Law Firm. At the tender age of 25 Amy landed an intership at the New York law firm. It was great! She got the chance to aid attorney in cases (mainly by doing reshearch, but hey it will look great on a resuma). Other than her footsteps, which echoed through out the parking gargae, the place was dead silent. If she hadn’t forgotten an importin law book she won’t even be there. Amy felt her heart beating wildly as she neared the elevator. â€Å"Get a grip Batts,† she said to herself. â€Å"Its not like you’re the only person here.† Which was true, a lot of lawarys burned the midnight oil at Smith & Johnson, working hard to prove their case. Still, she hesated at the elevator. Amy has always feared elevators. Who could blame her? Think about it for a minute. You enter a steel cage. You are cut off from all help. You don’t know anyone else in the elevator. Still, she stood there, forced to decide between her faithful stairs, or the cold, metal elevator. ‘There’s nothing to be afraid of,’ Amy told herself. ‘It’s just an elevator. There have been reports of muggings on stairs. The elevator is safer,’ she rationalized as she pushed the button to summen the steel box. The doors swooshed open, and Amy had to step back from the glare of the lights. Then, very timidly, she stepped inside the death trap, and watched as the doors clanged together behinde her. Her work area was on the 25th floor. Takeing deep breaths Amy stared back at herself relected in the mirror like doors. Her long blonde hair was slightly messed up, and there were bags under her dark brown eyes. She was all alone. ‘It’s not that bad,’ Amy thought to herself as the elevator slowly asended.