Merchant of Venice - Portia was No Feminist :: Merchant Venice Essays

Merchant of Venice Portia was No Feminist   The question has been proposed whether Portia was her testify woman, and if after she married Bassanio would she still be the protector of her fortune.  I researched  for certify to the theory that Portia was not her own, her fortune was not her own, and she was bound financially to her husband after marriage.  There is nothing out of the ordinary about this particular arrangement, and I dont feel that the relationship should continue to be hailed as a progressive, womens rightist relationship.                The best evidence I could find were the words which were spoken out of Portias own mouth,               One half of me is yours, the other half yours--             Mine own, I would say but if mine, then yours,             And so all yours. III.ii.16-18.   There you have it.  Portia is Bassanios.  This may be idle lovers talk however, it does signify the beginning of a possessive relationship in which Bassanio is the possessor                Directly after Portia is won by Bassanios correct choice in caskets she states,               Happiest of all, is that her gentle spirit             Commits itself to yours to be directed,             As from her lord, her governor, her king.             Myself, and what is mine, to you and yours             Is without delay converted.  . . . I was the lord of             this fair mansion, master of my servants,     &n bsp       Queen oer myself and even now, but now             This house, these servants, and this same myself             Are yours. . . . III.ii.163-171   I struggle to see how the relationship between Portia and Bassanio is worthy of feminist hurrahs.  I believe Portia is a woman worthy of feminist scholarship, but not the relationship to her husband.

Free Essays: Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Nathaniel Hawthornes work is typically fraught with symbolism, much of it deriving from his prude ancestry. Hawthorne was obsessed with the themes of sin and guilt. John Roth notes that A number of recurring thematic patterns and persona types progress in Hawthornes novels and tales (Roth 76). Because he is speaking of what we would later come to call the unconscious, Hawthorne extensively employed the use of symbolism, which bypasses the conscious to tap into its more dream- like do by below (Roth 76). In his short figment Young Goodman Brown, the main character Goodman Brown goes off into the woods and undergoes what will be a life changing experience. Young Goodman Brown, was written in the nineteenth century but is undoubtedly set in the seventeenth century, and for the early Americans in this time period the forest was a symbol of the test of strength, courage, and endurance. It took a lot of courage to survive there, and the young person entering the forest would not eme rge the same. But the story is more symbolic than realistic, and the dangers that Goodman Brown encounters in the forest are not Indians or bears they are dangers of the spirit. It is no accident that such an experience should have taken butt in the forest, because there is a long and extremely profound tradition in American literature where experiences of this nature haven taken place in forest settings. Psychologist Bruno Betelheim observes that Since ancient times the near impenetrable forest in which we get lost has symbolized the dark, hidden near-impenetrable world of our unconscious (Betelheim, 94). However, this does not appear in Young Goodman Brown. Instead of bravely battling down the dangers of the forest and emerging a more mature person, Goodman Brown emerges a ruined man. It should not go unrecognized that Goodman Browns wife, a light-hearted, genuine woman, has the name Faith. Faith is not by any means an unusual name for a woman, especially in puritan times, but i t becomes significant in the story because she is presented to us first as a very young bride with pink ribbons in her hair, almost like a child. Her pink ribbons symbolize her youth, and her name symbolizes her husbands childlike spirituality at the beginning of the story. Christianity historically has been a religion of obedience and devotion much more than ace of logic, as much as the framers of the age of reason would try to argue otherwise.

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Identity in Richard Wrights Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple Personal identity is vital to living a worthwhile life. A person who goes through life without knowing what he or she stands for and believes in is living an incomplete life. Those who lack an understanding of their identity willing unintentionally accept outsiders opinions and stereotypes of them. This harmful position can be seen in many characters from the African-American Literature class. big Thomas, from Richard Wrights, Native Son, is unity lost character. other character who lacks understanding is Alice Walkers Celie, from The Color Purple. Both of these characters have a different awareness level of the position that they stand in, and that level changes end-to-end their respective stories as they attempt to determine what is of importance to them. Bigger Thomas is one character, yet he represents the condition of numerous great deal. Richard Wright manifested his character from various people that he encountered and rolled all of those interactions and emotions into one character. One reason that the name Bigger is very appropriate for this character is that the name pr regularts the readers from limiting the character to one person. The name represents more of a complex than a person. This complex includes all young colored men who do not see how they fit into the high-risk picture of society. Bigger does not know what his identity is. He did not receive an abundance of love and support as a child to maintain him the crucial confidence needed for him to fight for a position in life. Instead, he followed into the stereotypical roles for a poor black man on the streets of Chicago. Bigger often was in trouble with the law. He stole from stores and carried weapons on him. He got into fights with the guys who he hung out with. He did not have a job even though his family had very little to survive economically. These are all traits of the bad Negro, which is another reasoning for the name Bigger. If Bigger had more confidence in what he could accomplish with his abilities, he would challenge the rules that keep him out of the flight school.

Greek Architecture Essay -- Greece Essays Temples Building History

Greek Architecture The Greek culture has had a huge impact on the history of the world. There is something Greek in almost everything, in particular in the worlds architecture. Greece no longer had one king, so they focused on work uping temples for their gods. Architecture began small and plain but evolved into grand pieces of art. As time passed from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period, the people of Greece developed a type of formula for their buildings and their pieces of art.In Ancient Greece, religion dominated their life, so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion. Before Greece became many different city-states, they had kings, and they would build a room called a megaron to show they Kings authority. A typical megaron is a single chamber with a fire pit in the middle with a throne off to the side. This room undefendable up into a porch (portico) that had four columns in the front. After there were no more kings these meg arons turned into temples. The fire pit, which turned into some type of altar or a place to show a sacrifice for that god, was now outside in front of the temple. The altar was now outside so people could define you make these sacrifices to their gods. The first Greek temples were do out of wood and were long rectangular buildings with a porch all the way around which was supported by columns made from tree trunks. A Greek temple consists of five basic parts the pediment, entablature, columns, base, and the cella, or the internal sanctum. The pediment is triangular and would have a type of sculpture or ornament known as acreteria on each corner. An entablature consists of three parts the cornice, frieze, and architrave, which holds up the pediment. The columns are the support between the entablature and the base. The base usually consists of three steps. The cella is the inner sanctum, which has different rooms with more columns for support. separately temple would have a cella but they were not identical.The Greeks developed an architectural system called an order, to distinguish the different styles of temples. Each order has a different proportions, entablature, and columns. The three Greek orders are called Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Doric order is considered to be the masculine order. The columns are short and stout and very plain. A Doric column has no base a... ...he most important part of the agora. The stoa would be used for political, economical, or financial reasons. The Greeks also built gyms to exercise. During the Hellenistic period, the Greeks seemed to build more buildings where men could gather and socialize than places for worship. During the Hellenistic period, you find the first monument built to celebrate someone who was not a general, god, or ruler. The deposit to Iysicrates is located in A becauses, and is the first time a Corthinian column is used on the exterior. There was not a lot of money to spend on new temples but the y still managed to build the Temple of Zeus Olympius. There is not much left of it like a shot but it was huge. This temple was decastyle, meaning ten dollar bill columns across, and the columns were sixty-five feet tall.Even today the ideas and formulas of Greek architecture influence present day architects. When you think of Roman architecture, you think of the arch but even then they used the Imperial Motif to decorate their buildings. The Imperial Motif is the art of trabeation on arcuated architecture. The architecture of Ancient Greece will continue to influence the architecture of today and tomorrow.

crime and punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Critical thought 1Compare and contrast the philosophies of punishment.In the philosophies of punishment, we have retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, isolation, incapacitation, reintegration, restitution, and restoration. Ill desex these philosophies of punishment.Retribution It refers to revenge or retaliation for harm or wrong done to another individual. This was an unearthed written code dated back more than 3500 eld that clearly spell out a retribution approach by the Archaeologists. If a man destroy destroys the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye. If he breaks a mans bone, they shall break his bone. If a man knocks out a tooth of a man of his own rank, they shall knock out his tooth.Deterrence This philosophy is make to discourage criminals from committing succeeding(a) crimes. Deterrence include prisons, or execution. If you send a criminal to prison, or executing them, this will discourage the other criminals from committing the same crime. renewal In rehab ilitation, we provide psychological or educational assistance or job training to offenders to make them less likely to engage in future criminality. This philosophy says that these offenders are human being, no matter what, they are changeable. This means that we could change them from being criminal.Isolation This philosophy is a very old punitive philosophy that really had served two purposes throughout recorded history. This first is the simple incarceration of people in...

crime and punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Critical thought 1Compare and contrast the philosophies of punishment.In the philosophies of punishment, we have retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, isolation, incapacitation, reintegration, restitution, and restoration. Ill define these philosophies of punishment.Retribution It refers to revenge or retaliation for harm or wrong done to other individual. This was an unearthed written code go break back more than 3500 years that clearly spell out a retribution approach by the Archaeologists. If a man destroy destroys the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye. If he breaks a mans bone, they shall break his bone. If a man knocks out a tooth of a man of his own rank, they shall knock out his tooth.Deterrence This philosophy is made to admonish criminals from committing future crimes. Deterrence include prisons, or execution. If you send a criminal to prison, or executing them, this will discourage the other criminals from committing the same crime. Rehabilitation In re habilitation, we provide psychological or educational assistance or job training to offenders to make them less possible to engage in future criminality. This philosophy says that these offenders are human being, no matter what, they are changeable. This means that we could change them from being criminal.Isolation This philosophy is a very old correctional philosophy that really had served two purposes throughout recorded history. This first is the simple incarceration of people in...

Corruption in Colombia Essay

There has been a four-decade long conflict between organisation forces and anti-government groups, much(prenominal) as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of capital of S bulgeh Carolina (FARC) who are funded by the medicate trade, has escalated over the years. Since about 2002 the violence has decr easinessd a slit add up because of the lack of the military and popular support essential to overthrow the government. However these groups of insurgents start continued to attack civilians. Large areas well-nigh capital of South Carolina are under the revolutionary influence.By the end of 2006, much than 31,000 reason governments officials had ceased to function as long as the formal organization the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC). When this occurred criminal groups arose and members included former government officials. The Colombia Government has make efforts to advance government control throughout the country. In assemble to understand how depraveion is affecting Colombia, we essential first examine concrete economical statistics. The Colombian Peso exchange rate depreciated 6. 64 percent against the US Dollar during the last 12 months.The Colombian Peso spot exchange rate specifies how lots one currency, the USD, is currently worth in terms of the another(prenominal), the COP. While the Colombian Peso spot exchange rate is quoted and exchanged in the same day, the Colombian Peso forward rate is quoted today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date. Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar 1,869. 9 (2010) 2,157. 6 (2009) 2,243. 6 (2008) 2,013. 8 (2007) 2,358. 6 (2006) According to the CIA World Factbook, Colombia is ranked 59th in exports and 54th in imports. In May of 2011 Colombia exports were worth 4704 billion USD and imports were worth 4931 Million USD.Their major(ip) exports are petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, gold and, nontraditional exports. Their major imports are industrial and fare equipment, consumer goods, chemical s, paper products, fuels, and electricity. The total population in Colombia was last reported at 45. 9 million pack in 2010 from 16. 0 million in 1960, changing 187 percent during the last 50 years. Colombia has 0. 67 percent of the creation? s total population which means that one person in every 150 people on the planet is a resident of Colombia.The unemployment rate in capital of South Carolina from 2000 until 2010 averaged at 14. 7 percent. The highest percentage was in January of 2001 when it was 20. 99 percent. The lowest percentage was in November of 2007 when it was 8. 91 percent. Labor force is the number of people apply plus the number unemployed but seeking work. The non-labor force is those who are not looking for work, those who are institutionalized, and those serving in the military. According to the World Bank, the Colombia rude Domestic Product is worth 288 billion dollars or 0. 46% of the serviceman economy. Colombias average gross domestic product was 60. 55 billion dollars and reached the highest dollars in December of 2010.Colombia is a free market economy with major commercial and investment ties to The United realms. Transition from a highly regulated economy has been underway for more than 15 years. Colombias average annual economic growth rate was of over 5% from 2002 to 2007. The inflation rate in Colombia was last reported at 3. 3 percent in August of 2011. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. The about well-k nowadaysn measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic economy.Corruptions negative impact on Colombian Foreign Direct Investment is reflected by the poor image of Colombian government by its citizens. The Colombian government, although less developed and more grease ones palms, is structured likewise to the United States government. However unstable it may be, it is a republic and consists of three partes executive, legislative and judicial. Also like the United States, Colombia is dominated by two major political parties, the Colombian nonprogressive Party and the Colombian complimentary Party.Because of the indwelling radicalism of the two parties, two major civil wars have resulted from their existence, The Thousand long time war and La Violencia. The Thousand Days War is a prime example of how the corruption of the Colombian government has make Foreign Direct Investment a very difficult achievement for Colombia. The Thousand Days War was a civil war fought between the Conservative Party of Colombia and the Liberal Party of Colombia, sparked by corruption. In 1898, Conservative Party member Manuel Antonio Sanclement, was elected president of Colombia.This was very controversial because it was believed that signifi masst election fraud had made this possible. As Sanclement was an adamant Liberal Party oppose, the Colombian L iberal Party waged war. The war, which lasted 4 years, claimed an estimated 100,000 lives. As devastating of a loss as 100,000 people is, the worst outcome of The Thousand Days War may be that it did little to resolve the extreme differences between the Liberal and Conservative Parties of Colombia. The Thousand Days War was soon followed by a second civil war more commonly known as La Violencia. La Violencia was likewise a war founded on corruption.It was sparked by the black lotion of the Liberal Party leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. After the assassination in 1948, Conservative Party leader Laureano Gomez, was the uncontested elected president in 1950. Under Gomezs power, there was an increased rate of violence, specific totallyy by the liberals of Colombia who were very upset about Gomezs rise to power. Gomez was overthrown by a military coup take by General Gustavo Rojas Pinilpla in 1953. However, Rojas proved to be just as corrupt his predecessor and was soon overthrown by the Colombian military, with the support of both the Conservative and Liberal parties.La Violencia, a time properly named subsequently and extreme period of violence and conflict, lasted from 1946 to 1957. Within that timespan it claimed an estimated 300,000 Colombian lives. The following chart shows the number of Colombian citizens who are murdered per 100,000 people by year. What is more concerning than its high rate, is that it continued to increase even after La Violencia. These extreme rates of murder and shop conflicts are heavily dependent on the poor image citizens have of the Colombian government. There is a lack of combining in the Colombian government.Historically, governmental corruption is common practice in Colombia, just as it is a frequent occurrence that violent rebellions and civil wars take place in order to transfer power between the two political parties. This poor government basis and lack of control allows corruption to run wild in Colombia fashioning it a ve ry difficult place for Foreign Direct Investment. This poor image of government in Colombia did not see much improvement after La Violencia. Another violent problem emerged with narco-terrorism. Colombia has become notorious for its cocaine production. In 2008, Colombia was the sources of 50% of the worlds cocaine.It is an industry which is very frequently held out violently, leading to what is known as narco-terrorism. In 1990, three presidential give the axedidates were killed by narco-terrorists. With the rise of do drugs trafficking in Colombia, it appears that narco-terrorists have more control than the Colombian government. Although Colombian government has always struggled with corruption, there have recently been many signs of improvement towards a demote country for Foreign Direct Investment. Within the past decade, several(prenominal) laws have been passed to weaken drug cartels and strengthen governmental control.From 2002 to 2008 Colombia has seen a decrease in many h istorically struggling areas. Its homicide rate dropped 44%, its kidnapping rates dropped 88%, its terrorist attacks dropped 79% and its attacks on countrys infrastructure dropped 60%. These tremendous improvements show an increase in governmental authority in Colombia. If Colombia stooge continue to improve in these areas and demonstrate that its government can have more control over its people, without corruption, it volition become a much better candidate for Foreign Direct Investment.In August 2010, President Santos, introduced a legislation that would distribute industry incomes to Columbians who have lost their land due to violence. He in addition is trying to make improvements through domestic security. Columbia is third largest exporter of oil to the United States. Foreign direct investment from 2008 to 2009 went from $10 billion to $7. 2 billion. Even though records show that it has dropped $2. 8 billion, in 2010 it began to recover their losses through the oil sector. B ecause of their financial crisis the economy didnt grow significant amount till 2010 then it grew 4. %.Before that the growth was a low percentage. With the challenges that Colombias faces it requires major improvement to sustain economic expansion. The outrageous amount of corruption in Colombia is hindering its economy and stopping it from becoming a safe and stable country. Although it is one of the oldest democracies in Latin America, Colombia has some of the most corrupt elections. An estimated 130,000 candidates are cart cartroad for election at the local, regional, and national levels. 10% of these candidates have proven criminal records.About a third of their senate is currently under investigation for parapolitics and many of which are already in jail. The corrupt election are stopping Colombia from having a stable government which is stopping foreign investors from taking the venture of putting silver into Columbia, meaning less demarcations and poorer quality of life for the average Colombian. In 2005 the parapolitics scandal was uncovered and left the Colombian senate in chaos. The Colombian senate seats 102, and with 51 senators now existence investigated and 29 in jail, they are virtually paralyzed. As each senator is arrested, it delays the agenda for legislation even more.Paramilitary leaders have confessed to hundreds of thousands of crimes including murders, abductions, rapes, narcotics, and extortion. They have in any case confessed to backing many politicians in an attempt to be protected outside of the law. Many members of the former president of Colombia, President Alvaro Uribes party were arrested for parapolitics showing the world how unstable the Colombian government is. One of the arrested politicians includes the presidents cousin Mario Uribe who has had very close ties to the president both family-wise and politically.This influenced the United States greatly and in 2007 a package of military aid destined for Colombia from th e United States was blocked in the U. S. senate because of fear of election corruption. Colombia depends on the U. S. greatly, as it is number 3 in the world for U. S. military aid. The aid is use to assist in fighting the drug war and without it more violence and corruption will take place. Paramilitary has a huge effect on the elections conducted in Columbia. There are around 20,000 paramilitary fighters in the country all growing from their creation in the 1980s.In 2010 armed groups killed over two dozen candidates running for election and at the same time they invested large sums of money to fund their own candidates campaigns. Along with bribing people to run for them, these armed groups will also pay the public for individual votes. This can be as much as $40 per person in some places. Other times they will also use sheer military force to intimidate the public into voting for them. Many of the jailed parapoliticians have others running in their place as puppets while they are still in jail.Caracol news agency reported that 18 of the candidates in 2010 were political drift men for ex-senators. There was an increase in the amount of women running for election which usually is considered a good thing. The truth is that the ones with the best chance for election were being backed by paramilitary families in an attempt to keep seats lost by jailed parapoliticians. The other big problem in Colombia its fantastic drug trade and the negative effect it has on the economy.Columbia is the worlds largest cocaine producer and accounts for 43% of coca cultivation (the crop utilise to make cocaine). 0% of the cocaine found in the United States is Colombian. Combined, Colombian and Mexican drug cartels make an estimated $4. 6 billion exporting to the United States per year. boilers suit Columbias drug trade is about $10 billion / year which is equivalent to 25% of the countries legal exports. In 2008 81,000 hectares of land were being used for illegal coca cultivat ion. These are staggering numbers and makes you wonder, how is all of this being allowed to happen? If Colombia was not as corrupt as it is, this wouldnt happen.Many of the drug lords use their influence and resources to pay off politicians, police, and military to turn a blind eye to their drug trade. Attempts have been made to stop this massive drug trafficking but so far it has only slowed it down. Colombias defence reaction spending is now at $12 billion per year which is triple the average defense reckon of other South American countries. Along with an increased defense budget, the United States has also committed an additional $6 billion since 2001 to help crackdown on the coca production. These are large sums of money that could be spent in other more productive ways.Such as, creating a better national infrastructure and creating jobs. $18 billion is a lot of money to invest in an economy, and currently they are losing all of that potential production because drugs are such a big problem. Drug trafficking and election corruption are both hurting the Colombian economy. Billions of dollars are being spent to stop the corruption but to this tip there is still a great deal going on. In order for Colombia to have better production in a global economy, they must(prenominal) prove to the world they have a stable government, and reduce the risks associated with investing in them.Over the past few years, foreign direct investment in Colombia has been gradually increasing as their country has been fighting the corruption and violence that had been prominent. Some of the most advantageous areas for FDI are technology, fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas and infrastructure. One reason that fuel is a wise choice for FDI is because Colombia has much more oil than is being used by its population This otiose would allow foreign companies access to enough oil to run more plants at a cheaper cost. Infrastructure is also important because Colombias current ease of transportation leaves much to be desired.If a company decided to invest in Colombias transportation, it would draw more investors in as said transportation costs decreased. The Colombian government has been actively working to encourage local companies to develop the roadway systems across the country to attempt to make Colombia more pleasing to foreign investors. While several countries are investing in Colombia, the United States is the lead investor by over 30%. It is certainly beneficial to have a strong investor, however it can be problematic for one country to control so much of Colombias foreign direct investment.Having investments in Colombia is stabilizing for the United States because Colombia is a relatively close population of cheap labor without many of the highly-regulated working conditions that are found in more developed, less corrupt countries. As a surprisingly strong investor, Anguilla contributes 20% of Colombias foreign direct investment. For a country wh ose economy is largely based on tourism, it is interesting to see their commitment to a local country that has very little tourism because of its reputation for violence, drugs and corruption.Foreign direct investment has been increasing in the recent years due to Colombias higher regulation of corruption and desire to control the violence in the streets. Many businesses are beginning to trust Colombia to protect their product rights and property, although Colombia is still far from stable and dependable. While crime rates are slowly decreasing in Colombia, most businesses still subjugate investing in Colombia because of its reputation for extensive riots and drug wars.If Colombia can decrease their reputation for instability and corruption, they have every opportunity to successfully draw in investment and provide a safer, better future for their citizens. As stated throughout this extensive research paper, corruption can cause a country many problems. One aspect that it affects t he most is trade. Countries and flocks are less attracted to corrupt governments opposed to more stable governments.According to Mauro, who analyzed 94 corrupt countries, GDP increased by four percent with a decrease of 2. 38 on his teen point scale GDP per capita increased by . percent. Mauro contributed to the book, The State in a Changing World, World Development Report 1997. Columbia has had corruption problems for an extended period of time now. Parts of the government have move to stop such corruption but cooperation from all parts is needed to progress. In order for Columbia to progress they must start at the root. They must analyze what causes corruption and approaches other countries took to successfully start eliminating corruption. A few of the reasons corruption is practiced are to avoid penalties for illegal actions or to get around legal regulations.One overwhelming problem in Columbia, that is no secret to most, is drug trade. Drug cultivating and trade in Columbia is evident due to its geological location and ideal climate. In order to transport these drugs and have farms some drug lords may need to pay off government officials so they can turn their eyes on such activities. In this case both the drug lords and government officials benefit. Corruption will be hard to fight in Columbia due to the fact that the drug industry is estimated to be valued in the billions and whenever there is such a significant amount of money on the line, people are willing to do anything.Regardless of the reason, usually it is for an individuals personal gain, companies included. Institutional corruption usually arises when government officials have a significant amount of power but little accountability. Most of the time, the officials must have their own financial inducements in order to partake in the corruption. The more control government officials have to regulate corporations the more corruption is likely to occur. If the probability of being caught or pu nished is low, people will tend to risk dealing with corruption.There are two approaches that must be interpreted to fight corruption, the first approach must be an institutional approach and the other must be a social approach. To begin an institutional reform towards corruption, Columbia must limit authority. Columbia has a questionable democratic government. With all the corruption going on, the polls could be altered. This is where the social approach comes into play later on. There most prominent branch is the executive branch. This supports the fact that Columbias authorities may have too much power.Privatization is believed to be able to reduce corruption by limiting the amount of government fundamental interaction with companies. In order to be successful there must be certain regulation put into place. The only problem with this approach is that it has already been taken by Columbia, and while it did improve corruption, it was not notable enough. Columbia has gone as far as privatizing its water supply and while it had many critics at first, it turned out to be a good decision by their part due to the correct regulations put into place. Other suggestions are to increase relaxation method by reducing tariffs.This will lead to officials having less access to 1bribes. Competition among public services can also reduce corruption by eliminating monopoly typewrite organizations. By increasing accountability, corruption can be decreased. Accountability includes stricter enforcement and easier detection mechanisms. Accountability can be increased through many ways. Freedom of reading legislation can help. To better explain freedom of information legislation, and example would be the Ugandan government began posting prices for services and activities such as registering a car or starting a small business.This eliminates questionable pricing and increases transparency. Another tactic to increase transparency is to implement financial disclosure among governm ent officials. This tactic makes government officials income and assets public. Some South American countries have already began this practice countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Government expenditures and income can also be made public for transparency purposes. This way money wont go missing and if it does the people will know this is known as an open budget process.Legislative oversight can benefit Columbia greatly in terms of eliminating corruption. Since Columbia must give more power to its legislative branch rather than its executive branch. A recent example has been one of Columbias neighbors, Brazil. The congressional impeachment of President Fernando Collor de Mello demonstrated the strength of the legislative branch. The Brazilian senate has also set up a special committee to investigate potential fraud in selling government bonds. Columbias senate should take maiden and also set up some sort of committee to investigate corruption charges.These methods wont c ompletely eliminate corruption and none will come close to even making an impact if its the only method used but if they are combined corruption and decrease considerably. An incentive to avoid corruption would be stricter sanction. By increasing the severity of the punishments people face a higher risk factor when participating in corrupt actions, thus leading them to think twice about their actions. Sanctions may include but are not limited to minimum sentences for taking part in corrupt activities or denying public services for any entity offering bribes, this includes people or companies.Columbia was already on somewhat of a right track when it comes to strengthening their judicial branchs power. In 1991 Alfonso Valdivieso was appointed attorney general. In Colombia the Attorney General cannot be dismissed or reappointed and he is apt(p) investigatory powers. Valdivieso gained world recognition for prosecuting high ranking drug lords and government officials. I would recommend Columbia to ask Valdivieso for help, knowing that he is a safe source when it comes to corruption. He cant be Attorney General again but if special unit is formed to combat corruption, he is unimpeachably a guy that should be taken in mind.This concludes possible ways to avoid and reduce corruption from an institutional view point, reducing corruption from a social approach is rather different. The way people are raised and their surroundings affect their views on many things including corruption. If children are raised in a corrupt environment, they will view it not only acceptable but almost necessary. Its a top down effect where government officials and corporation leaders are at the top. They must set an example for the public to look down on corruption and not endorse it.Public traffic Campaigns can be put into effect to better inform people on the consequences and harm done by corruption that is not too clear. Campaigns can be executed through mass media, community activiti es or school programs. A few key points that should be emphasized are the effect that corruption has on things such as public services, investments, and inequality. All of these aspects are affected in a negative way. Columbias unemployment rate is 11. 8% and its Gini major power is 58. 5. These numbers could improve with by decreasing corruption but this fact isnt evident to most of the population.If people feel like they have a say in the situation and can make a change, they will be more actively supportive. These campaigns should aim towards making people feel as if every little bit of help counts. In Argentina a non-government organization was formed to inform the public about corruption. The organization consists of television and wireless ads. Another positive use of media to combat corruption is fact-finding journalism. Investigative journalism increase transparency greatly. It helps uncover corrupt officials and acts. The truth is what drives investigative journalism rat her than just a story.Investigative journalism poses a threat of being exposed towards anyone that is participating in corrupt acts. It is a risky job due to the fact that people being uncovered may have a lot of power. Workshops should be set up to train such journalist. Countries such as Uganda and Tanzania have just that. In a country like Colombia with all the guerilla forces and drug cartels, this is a very important part to investigative journalism. Journalist run the risk of being targeted, so they must be careful and smart in the ways they go about reporting and accessing their findings. last Columbia could search for outside help. Help can come from individual countries or organizations. Organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank could offer guidelines to help. twain organizations are pretty much powerless but they can help establish treaties that could improve anti-corruption efforts. Individual countries that wish to invest in Columbia could also take in itiative and further influence Columbian anti-corruption movements. To recap corruption is mostly if not solely negative towards Columbias economic development.It makes Columbia look risky to outside investors hoping to make a Federal Direct Investment. Investors prefer stability rather than turmoil. Due to its geological position, Columbia has faced drug problems for a few decades now. In order to transport these drugs and grow them, bribery and corruption is needed. Columbian citizens and officials should notice that corruptions cons outweigh the pros when it comes to the Columbian economy as a whole. Officials must lead by example and the power of the executive branch should be reduced.

USEC Capital Budgeting Case Questions

In one paragraph (max 5 sentences), describe the general situation faced by USEC USEC is the lead supplier of enriched uranium, which is used to fuel atomic reactors. Due to an expiring contract with a power supplier, the proceeds of Uranium fuel became very expensive at the current Paducah plant. USEC created a new plant called armored personnel carrier in an attempt to advance engine room and become the low cost producers in the Uranium industry. Mackovjak is a financial analyst tasked with the evaluation of USEC. In pose to properly value USEC, Mackovjak needs to evaluate APC and their contributions to USEC.2) What is the Weighted Average Cost of hood for USEC in July 2006? (Assume the expected issuance on the market is virtually 11%)WACC= .10703We calculated a = .134 which we calculated exploitation the expected return equation . Our equation looked similar to this For the equity we assumed the number of sh atomic number 18s outstanding for 2006 which was 86.1 cardinal *10.8 (price per share) 930 million The debt was abandoned in the uppercase market conditions at 475 million (making D+E equal 1405 million) For we used the yield to maturity, which was given at 0.0904 The revenue enhancement rate was estimated based on the 2005 data to be roughly 40 percent.3) After determining the relevant Cash Flows for the lying-in, what is the NPV? *FCF were calculated in the excel spreadsheetWe were using a $20 fixed price due to an agreement for the Uranium however this changed as the agreement expired and we were required to buy Uranium at market price. Sales= (Production *SWU price)Cash Costs= (Production of APC* Market price )+ (Production of APC* Enrichment costs) *When APC became functional, enrichment costs were reduced by half Non Cash Costs= DepreciationCurrent assets= production* inventory (this was only used in 2012) Market price* production (was used for 2013 and after) Current liabilities= 1 % of DOE for initial research of centrifuge technolo gy Net working capital= current assets current liabilities (we found the change in Networking capital) Operating cash flow= S-C(1-T)+TDChanged in fixed asset= capital expenditureWe used these values to calculate a future cash flow using the equation FCF= operating cash flow -increase in networking capital -increase in fixed assets.In order to find the NPV of the project we took the FCF from ACP alone. We had to recognize that the lease on Paducah was not associated with ACP, however a one percent royalty was added to current liabilities on the ACP projecting. In order to check our initial estimation we compared the networking capital of the APC project to 5% of sales that was recommended by another analyst Craig Weise. Every twelvemonth the value was positive and above 5% reinforcing our decision that USEC will bring on the project. Based on our calculated NPV of the project we determined that APC would return 2,020,167,627 dollars.The cost of the project is 1.7 billion so the di fference in return and cost is a positive 320,167,627 dollars. Thus USEC will take on the project and therefore the company is undervalued. Mackovjak, the financial analyst, seeing that the company is undervalued should pitch to upper management they should take a long position in USEC.From the syllabus Write-ups should be self-contained Word documents, running 2-3 pages or less, including exhibits. Separate spreadsheets containing original calculations should be attached to the email, but exhibits should be placed within the Word document, not unexpended to be found somewhere in the spreadsheet. Please conform to these exhibition expectations in future write-ups. As to your spreadsheetFor Paducah, the CFs shown would be irrelevant, as with ACP, Paducah operates in 2006-2010, and without ACP, Paducah operates in 2006-2010, so Paducah CFs irrelevant to ACP valuation in 2006-2010. But necessary to estimate from 2006-2010, so that when lost 2011-2025, Paducah CFs arealready escalated and easily estimable. In that regard, all CFs to the NPV calc are too high as you have included irrelevant 2006-2010 CFs for Paducah, but more importantly, have ignored all Paducah CFs lost from 2011-2025 as suggested by the case comments given in class the prior day to case discussion.Further, your Paducah OCF format of (S-C)(1-T)+TD should only contain cash costs in C and your spreadsheet shows that C contains Capital Expenditures. Capital Expenditures is ALWAYS outside of OCF, with (S-C)(1-T)+TD ChgNWC Yearly CapEx., which you do, thus effectively double deducting for CapEx. You did not return NWC at the end of the project.For ACP, Uranium Costs are basically postal code in your valuation after 2012. This error SEVERELY underestimates costs, and overestimates FCF and thus NPV. Further, in your double 2011 method, a Uranium cost of $21? Where is this from? For Depreciation in ACP, you are using Depreciation for Paducah (Old), not the Capitalized Plant Bldg costs. Further, your a nalysis does not seem to include the $1.7b cost anywhere, other than in the text of this document where you apparently take a t=0 PVCF and subtract amounts that sum to $1.7b, but occur across 5 years (thus ignoring discounting of the capital costs, and including 100m of a sunk cost in your NPV). Finally, your methodology of PVg does not use the spreadsheet effectively. As with any unspoken number entry, if you wanted to change this, you would have a significant task forrader of you.Please think about using functions, or at the very least using equations that refer to a single cell containing WACC, and sequential cells containing 1,2,3, etc. for T. Overall, a submission with many errors some to be expected, and some that appear to be unexplained or work potentially done too quick without review. I would very much suggest that you use FAR fewer hard numbers in the spreadsheet calculations, and layout more of the assumed values as mark cell entries (the tax rate, the UrRawMatls qua ntity, the SunkCost, the WACC). If you ever had to go back and change some of these things, it is far easier to change one cell than try to remember ALL cells that contained the hard number entry.

Jeepney Racing

Most of the rules be chosen to reflect w lid the real-world consequences would be of each thespian action and decision. Abstract racys outhousenot be completely divided from simulations and so backs merchant ship be thought of as existing on a continuum of almost double-dyed(a) abstraction to almost pure simulation. 1 Technologies such as smart phones have always been a great entertainment and past time to man. In the beginning, cellular phones atomic number 18 used for communication such as making c tout ensembles and messaging capabilities. As the time goes by, the innovation of cell phones added more PDA-like features and even computer like.The matter was the smart phone. Mobile applications are becoming popular when it comes to features. Thither are many people who are into gaming on their mobile phones, because it is more portable than Personal Computers and Laptops. Mobile Applications now exist in smart phones. 2 There are lots of bouncings genres available now in th e market, and one of them is a schema simulation game. It attempts to copy activities from real world in the form of a game for some purposes like tutorial, exercise, training, analysis or prediction.Jeep rush is a strategy simulation game that tin can be played in single or multi- fake game. We leave behind use some Metro manila landmarks for the soil of the game. It exit load and unload passengers in nightclub to gain points but the worker should follow the transaction rules and regulation. It give cause a deduction to the points if he commits any traffic violation. In multi-player game, the first player to finish the goal wins. Project Description According to the article of Nellie entitled Jeep Blessing or Curse?He stated that jeep nowadays instead of being the blessing that it had been in the past 60 years, has become an archaic relic of the past, an designing that had its day, and should be encased in a museum of Philippine history. Due to lack of discipline and k nowledge f and obedience to traffic rules and regulations and signs, it is the main cause of the stately Metro Manila traffic. 4 The project introduces a game near how being discipline drivers and passengers would help each and every one of us.The player should follow all the Traffic Rules or else he/she result have a violation and deduction from his points. The player should overly follow the maximum capacity of passenger. There will be a specific Jeep bay for loading and unloading of the passengers. Project Objectives General objective To develop a strategy simulation game, multi-player and single-player for android hat foresees the practical effect of traffic when not following rules and regulation and at the same time inform the players the current traffic situation here in metro manila.Specific objective To provide randomness to the players slightly importance and meaning of traffic road signs by showing banners periodically. To inform the drivers and passenger on what a re the possible effect of traffic in different situations. Tar contract Audience The projects target audience will be the passengers of the Jeep and those people who own a public and private vehicle. Our target audience will be people king 17 and above. The chemical group decided with the age of 17 and above, because these are the people who usually use Jeep as their transportation in school, works and etc.In these ages, the group can provide the importance and meaning of traffic road. import of the Study Due to traffic problems in the Philippines that becoming worst everyday especially when its rush hour, the group have decided to develop a game wherein the users would be able to identify some of the causes of traffic. The users would be able to realize how important being a discipline Filipino and how one Filipino can change meeting really big in his/her small action such as being a good follower to the traffic rules, regulations and signs.Jeep move was mainly created to provid e information for drivers and passengers about the traffic rules and regulation. Users of this game will not only have fun acting but also be knowledgeable what to do in different situations when they are in the road. Scope and Limitations The game will be developed on an humanoid platform development Construct 2 on 2- Dimensional graphics. The game will be made to give information to the players especially to the passengers and drivers about the traffic rules and regulation.It can be played in a single player and multilayer game mode. In single player mode, the goal of the player is to get as many advance as he can by loading and unloading passenger without committing Accidents or Traffic violations. Multi-player mode will be played on devil different devices, View shared and Wi-If Operational. There will be a time limit for the multi-player mode wherein each player must acquire rafts by loading and unloading passengers. Committing any violations or accidents will deduct from there points.The maximum capacity of the passenger is 16 and the maximum violation is 3. The traffic rules and regulations included in our game can be seen in the appendix section. Minimum System Requirements Processor 1 GHz Single Core stock IAMB RAM Display size 3. 0 inches Resolution 280 Device Type Smart phone Operating System Jelly Bean Android Touchstones Capacitive, Multi-touch Conceptual Framework Review of Related Literature All the related information and games in an android platform will be discussed in this chapter.The information that the group will gather from these different games, will help us analyze each development of these games and apply it to our project. Three perspectives on strategy game design Sorer Johnson, Brad Mir and Keith Burn are three different experts shared their knowledge about the significance in the design of strategy games, from transparency to decision-making and creating player investment and attachment. For Sorer Johnson, players of a str ategy games should choose precisely and throw away their unexpected and random events, and various outcomes and breadth winning conditions.Even though there are a lot of outcomes players have, what important the most is whats on the players mind, that they truly understand the rules and can able to think them clearly and that they agonize all their inputs and outcomes. Keith Burn was scoop up known for phone rocklike 100 Rogues. For him, the main producer of value in strategy games is interesting decisions. His goal is to provide value quickly to players. He give tongue to that if players gave their time make sure that they wont regret spending it playing your game or they should be completely rewarded.Brad Mir wants to create a high leg of character attachment with the help of mechanics in Massive Chalice, because he was influenced by strategy games that include elements of character progression. He wanted to reduce problems to its simple essentials with 100 Rogues, but he does nt know how to start doing it. What he did is that he started with a rocklike genre and then added tactics to the genres kit design. He said that you cant Just add interesting decisions to a system interesting decisions are a property of a really strong-built system.Players can be attached to the players that theyre playing in strategy games and make personal stories with them. Losing their characters is a meaningful risk for them. 5 Related games Shopping Street This is a strategy game in which you will build your own mall. Every store has a capacity of customers who can shop. You can upgrade your store so many customers can shop at the same time. A customer who wants to shop in that store should wait. Relation of this game to our game is that there are also numbers of people who can enter a store. 6 Crazy Traffic Jam This strategy simulation game comes with 3 levels of difficulty you need to handle the traffic without committing any collisions. 7 hasten apothegm This strategy g ame is a fast paced racing game. You never dare drive so fast in the real world. Control your Motto with incredible fast speed during traffic rush time 8 Our game has the same view with this game which is the birds eye view. We adopted the road of this game to our project.In order to win the highest score in this game, you have to achieve the longest hold without committing any accidents. In our game, you have to achieve the longest distance so you can gain points without violating any traffic rules and regulation. Temple Run This strategy game is fast paced racing games wherein you need to drive as fast as possible without committing accidents. 9 In this game you have to survive all the challenges that have been waiting for you in order to have a high score.The longer he distance that you run, the more points you gain. If the player fails to survive all the challenges, the demonic monkeys will eat him. It has the same view when the player swipe to the left or right. In our game, i f the player taps the left or right button, the street or the background will change Just like how background of the temple run changes. Racing Cars ID A strategy racing game that will test your driving skills in difficult levels. In this game, players need to collect coins to upgrade their cars.The player should also avoid obstacles and other cars. When the player hits his car with other and wasnt able to void the obstacles, his health will be deducted. Just like in our game, if the player commit a violation, he will gain 1 x. When the player got 3 x, the game is over. In this game, the player needs to keep his car undamaged in a given time to win the game. Bench mark Description Jeep Racing Shopping Streets Sprites Jeepers, Cars, Passengers, Traffic Rules and Regulations Customers, Shops, Motor, Cars Cars Characters, Rope, Coins.Monkey Controls Tap, Swipe Tap -rap, rock Swipe Tap , tilt Scoring Achieve the farthest distance, load and unload the passengers on the proper loading N D unloading area rive customers by building malls Get the farthest distance Number of Cars Successfully crossed the intersection Drive as fast as possible and get the farthest distance Acceleration Tapping the accelerator button. Holding the screen. Capacity Passengers Customers Game Mode Single Player, 2 Player Single Player Methodology This chapter tackles about how the application works.It contains game story, game play, game rationality and game assembly. Game story discusses the story from start to end of the game including the plot of the story. It contains different figures hat represent the flow of the application, visualized corrections of the game and its architecture. Gamely tackles about how the game will be played. Basically, gamely holds the actions that can be done by the player in the game to reach the objective of the game. Game rationality deals about the logic of the game which is how the game flows from the point where the application is started.Game assembly ta ckles about the requirements of the application and how the game responds to the user inputs. Gamely and Mechanics In single player mode, the player must acquire as many score as possible by adding and unloading passengers on the right bay without committing any violations and accidents will cause deduction on points and game over. In multi-player mode, the 2 players will play on different devices. The players will acquire points by loading and unloading passengers on a given time limit. The higher score will win the game.Pointing System Points Speed of the Jeep 1 pit per kip Loading passenger 100 points Unloading passenger Deduction Violations Unload passenger on the wrong bay. Accident/collision Game over. Software Methodology Planning mannequin It is the start of program development. In this phase, the group compiled and analyzed the look into in related games and used the gathered information to be applied in the testing phase. The group checked for forums related to our game and listed things that we should avoid applying to our application.Analysis phase The group researched about related game reviews. The game reviews will help the group determine significant features that can be included in the game and that will make the game better than any other. Design phase The group will focus our graphics and interface to what our target users want. The group will follow the game flow that the group has created. In the game, the group will give some trivia related to it and used Philippine based characters and plots. The group will also use Photos for the images and backgrounds.The group will code all the designs generated from the proponents of the game flow which must be followed sequentially. Implementation After our game has undergone serial of tests and code refinements, we will now deploy the software into the Android smartened and tablet. We are going to upload the game on Google Play Store for primary resource. Users whitethorn download the game throu gh the website and port it in their own gadget. Verifications will be performed o the testers to make sure that the said features are working.Testing phase It is the position the group will initiate the beta testing where the group will play the game and test all the possible commands and inputs at the game. Any detect bugs or errors will be immediately fixed or use an error handling. Evaluation phase The group will start to initiate the of import testing. It is where the group will release the created game to a select group of people and the players of the game will be given an evaluation form in a format of user acceptance test questionnaires. This will determine if the game will need some changes.

Batterd Woman’s Syndrome

Shrouded in myth, distortions and grotesque stereo lineaments the public profile of a battered cleaning lady who kills her signify checkmate is a misunderstood phenomenon. Throughout the course of history women were viewed as property, powerless victims of a patriarchal social political and legal system. Family television programs in the 1950s satirized while minimizing aspects of spousal vitiate.Comedian Jackie Gleason portrayed the beloved character Ralph Cramdon and memorialized the prime time phrase while chastising his small screen wife. To the moon with you Alice, red-faced and frantically wafture a balled up fist at the now passive Alice.The scene was punctuated with the live audience roaring with laughter at the comedians folly. Acts of eldest mate violence were committed behind closed doors in the family home. The criminal justice system offered scant protection to victims of spousal squall. Assaults committed behind closed doors went unreported viewed as private fami ly matters. The criminal justice system could offer no protection to victims of spousal abuse. On the contrary victims of domestic violence were shunned and shamed into poor in fear and collective silence.Those bold enough to ask for protection from abuse were turned out-of-door if not legally married to their abuser. However, the pleas of countless strange faceless victims of domestic violence were honored with the unyielding commitment of grassroots advocates in the 1970s and 1980s. Dr Lenore Walker, a renowned forensic psychologist, feminist and researcher open up the fantasy of batter chars Syndrome (BWS) According to Walker, the rubric of BWS consists of two co-existing elements The cycle of domestic violence and classic symptoms of learned helplessness (Walker1984).Walkers concept of Battered Womans Syndrome emerged as a component in legal defenses, when battered women killed in self defense(Walker 2004). According to Walker BWS describes a pattern of mental and behavi oral symptoms found in women in battering relationshipsBalkin(2005). Battered Womans Syndrome is not a sanctioned legal defense. However, it is acknowledge as, part of the doctrine of self-defense so as to establish the belief of the woman that she was in danger of death or bodily injury(National Clearinghouse for the defense lawyers of Battered Women (2006).According to Battered Womans Syndrome attorney, Mira Mihajiovich, testimony concerning BWS is used to support a battered womans self-defense claim, not to explain away her actions or give her a special defense that would allow her to destroy her tormentor at her own discretion(Balkin 2005). At the heart of the Battered Womans Syndrome phenomenon is desperation and gut wrenching terror. To fully grasp BWS one must embrace the framework and emotionally charged dynamics associated with chronic abuse and spousal battering.Domestic violence is depict by the National Center for Victims of Crimes as, the pass onful intimidation, as sault, battery, sexual assault or other black behaviors perpuiated by an intimate accomplice against another(Domestic Violence Facts National Collation against Domestic Violence 2001). Although the concept of Battered Womans Syndrome emerged in the 1970s the U. S. legal system was un leave aloneing to accept BWS as a factor in the self defense pleas of battered women accused of murdering their batterers(Balkin 2005).Prior to the late 1980s an abused womans psychological state and the brutality and violence she suffered at the hands of her batterer could not be used at her trial(Balkin 2005). However, with public education and exposure to domestic abuse the rays of enlightenment expanded into the wooden paneled courtrooms nationwide. In Robinson v. convey the Court examined the merits of the Battered Spouse Syndrome in relation to the specific elements of self defense in a homicide reason.The Court found the unique informations of a defendant suffering from battered womans syn drome are generally compatible with the law of the state regarding self-defense(Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Battered Womans Syndrome has appeared as a component of the criminal trial process since the late 1970s. Testimony presented by in force(p)s in the field must be qualified by the Court before offering testify on the role the syndrome played in the homicide. The landmark case that opened the door for the use of Battered Womans Syndrome (BWS) was State of Oregon v.Kelly (1985). The Court concluded in State v Kelly that, BWS is admittible to aid juries in assessing a defendants perception of danger posed by the abuser(State v Kelly (1985). The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals for South Carolina Courts reasoning in Grubb v State was compatible with South Carolinas Annotated Code 17-23-170(2001) which governs the admissibility of expert testimony of the battered spouse syndrome(Grubb v State 2003). Battered Womans Syndrome was first recognized in South Caro lina when the S. C.Supreme Court in State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986) held, that expert testimony about battered spouse syndrome is admissible to establish a claim of self-defense in a homicide case. The Court further recognized that an, emerging trend in other jurisdictions that find the testimony is relevant to the coming back of self-defense and highly probative of the defendants state of mind at the time of the incident (Id. At 400,339 S. E. 2d at 122). The Court echoed the Grubbs conclusion in Robinson v State 308 S.C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992) examining the battered spouse syndrome in relation to the specific elements of self-defense in a homicide case. The Court found the unique perceptions of a defendant suffering from battered womans syndrome are generally compatible with the law of this State regarding self-defense( Id at 78,417 S. E. 2d at 91). It was legal decisions such as these that established battered womans syndrome as a sanctioned legal prem ise. The South Carolina Court in Robinson v. State concludedOur interpretation of the relationship between the battered womans syndrome and self-defense is cursory, at best, and should not be construed as this Courts culture word on the subject. Our law will continue to evolve as the scientific communitys intellect of the battered womans syndrome develops and companys comprehension of the condition becomes more sophisticated (Robinson v. State Id at 80,417 S. E. 2d at 92(1992). Bolstering this trend setting precedent was found in incision 17-23-170 of the South Carolina Code governing the admissibility of expert testimony on battered womans syndrome states(A) Evidence that the actor was suffering from the battered spouse syndrome is admissible in a criminal action on the issue of whether the actor lawfully acted in self-defense, defense of another, defense of necessity, or defense of duress. This section does not preclude the admission of testimony on battered spouse syndrome in other criminal actions S. C. Code Ann. & 17-23-170 (Supp. 2001). Although great strides have been forged in the judicial arena a universal acceptance of the validity and application of BWS in spousal homicide cases does not exist.The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in Texas argued in Dixon v. U. S. expert testimony on BWS was inherently subjective, and inadmissible to prove duress (Dixon v. U. S. 413 F. 3d 520 5th Cir. 2005). Testimony on BWS is recognized in 31 states giving organize to the quandary as to why some jurisdictions embrace the concept while others rebuke it. Theres a lot of skepticism with any type of psychiatric testimony and some Courts are unconvinced that mental disorders and or emotional disorders are justifications for committing a crime Walker (20060.Some in the field raise concerns that widespread acceptance of BWS may lead to an increase in false or exaggerated abuse claims (Dixon (2006). Many months after cleanup her husband, a woman may lie to an evaluating psychologist before trial, faking symptoms like depression and anxiety (Dixon 2006). Domestic Violence and Battered Womans Syndrome Facts 1. In 2000, an intimate partner killed 1,247 women and 440 men U. S Dept of Justice (2005). In 1999, 74%or 1,218 or the 1,642 persons murdered by an intimate partner were female (Rennison, U. S.Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, suggest Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, (2001). 3. The concept of the battered womans syndrome was developed in reaction to the misapplication of the self-defense doctrine to battered woman when they kill their spouse (Schneider (2000) Elizabeth, Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135(2000). The United States Supreme Court has observed that almost four million women are the victims of severe assaults by their male partners every year. Thirty percent of female homicide victims are killed by their male partners (Planned Parenthood vs.Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Each year, 2,000-4,000 wo men in the U. S. are murdered by abusive partners or ex-partners (American Bar Association, American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence, American Bar Association). Battered Womans Syndrome falls under what the American psychological Association defines as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, rather than a mental illness (National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder, What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 22 Feb. 2006).Outsiders frequently are puzzled. If things are so bad, why do women stay? Why do they kill? Why dont they just break? If a woman is being abused, why doesnt she just pack her bags and get out. Those familiar with BWS and barriers plaguing victims of domestic violence encourage a greater empathy and understanding as to what motivates battered women to stay in abusive relationships. The Court in the People v. Aris, 215 Cal App 3d 1194, 264 Cal Rptr 167, 178 (1989) held that, battered women tend to stay in abusive rel ationships for a number of reasons. The battered woman believes the violence is her fault, she has an inability to place the responsibility for the violence elsewhere. She fears for her life and or her childrens lives (Walker 2003). Many BWS victims experience learned helplessness, a condition brought about by the battered womans futile attempt to protect herself from her abuser(Walker 2003). Battered women assume the burden for making the mating work. Fears of economic insufficiency, scant job skills, many women feel trapped erroneously believing they would be at greater risk to leave.Thus it has been said the cycle-of-violence and passivity reinforces the perception of helplessness. Overtime, womens ability to rationally evaluate the situation unfolding around becomes distorted. In the Matter of Glen G. and Josephine G. , 587 NYS 2d 464, 469 (1992) the concept of battered womans syndrome was described as a breaking down of a womans self confidence and self respect to a point wher e she no longer knows if she is crazy or not. In recent years there has been a consorted effort to inform and educate the Courts on the complexities and cycles associated with domestic violence and battered women.In order for justice to prevail, it is crucial for the Courts to recognize the profound psychological trauma caused by Battered Womans Syndrome and acknowledge an isolated battered spouse is often controlled and dominated with painful terror. In many respects great strides have been made in enlightening the public and the Courts about domestic violence and the preponderance of Battered Womans Syndrome. However, unrealistic stereotypes still persist and the public often turns a blind eye to the magnitude and implications violence against women imparts. It is uncomfortable to embrace.An grotesque truth that corrupts the premise of a safe and happy family home. Many fear the recent appointments of staunch conservative Justices to the Supreme Court will hinder the strides a nd human being rights made by advocates of battered women who kill in self-defense. The Four Psychological Stages Of Battered Woman Syndrome Stage One DENIAL The woman refuses to admit crimson to herself, that she has been beaten or that there is a problem in her marriage. She may call each incident an accident. She offers excuses for her husbands violence and each time firmly believes it will never happen again.Stage Two GUILT She now acknowledges there is a problem, but considers herself responsible for it. She deserves to be beaten, she feels because she has defects in her character and is not living up to her husbands expectations. Stage Three ENLIGHTENMENT The woman no longer assumes responsibility for her husbands abusive treatment, recognizing that no one deserves to be beaten. She is still committed to her marriage though and stays with her husband hoping they can work things out. Stage Four RESPONSIBILITYAccepting the fact that her husband will not, or cannot, stop his vi olent behavior, the battered woman decides she will no longer submit to it and starts a new life (Survivors Empowerment Zone 2007). REFERENCES Balkin Karen F. , (2003) Introduction. Current Controversies Violence Against Women. Ed. Karen F Balkin San Diego Greenhaven Press. Department of Veterans Affairs,(2006). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Dixon Wheeler John. , PhD, JD, An rise on Battered Women, (2003) Grubb v State (2003) South Carolina Court of Appeals. National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder. (2005)What is Battered Womans Syndrome?. National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women (2006). Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Rennison, (2001) U. S. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, . Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Schneider Elizabeth, (2000) Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135. State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986). Survivor s Empowerment Zone (2007). http//www. angelfire. com. Walker, Lenore, E. Ed. D, Forensic Psychology Group, LLC.

Ethical Issues Involved in Non-Admittance of Financially Incapable Clients Essay

Running a service-oriented business is never easy. One has to deal with a lot of involvements and consider a lot of factors in order to restrain the business effectively. Policies atomic number 18 always set for the purpose of achieving the goals of the familiarity and at the same time, adhering to the laws of the state and contributing to the common good. Being a case omnibus requires knowledgeable field and relevant experience to resolve issues concerning the benefits of the clients and the company as well.A health center has the responsibility to meet the needs of its patients. Sometimes, it has to impose policies that atomic number 18 against the existing ones to ensure the survival and growth of the center as a business entity. The clients are needed to be carefully informed of these policies and rules because they are the ones who are directly affected when these policies take into effect.As for the honourable issues involved in the problem of a certain dialysis center, the situation calls for adherence to the set policy rules of the company, concurrently, to the ethical standards of human services professionals as is quoted from the National Organization for Human Services (2007) Human service professionals provide services without discrimination or preference establish on age, ethnicity, culture, race, disability, gender, religion, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status.As a health care provider, the company must admit patients without discrimination based on different aspects. This may be suitable for health centers which are not yet in the brink of bankruptcy or closure. If the center is at a high risk of shutting down in the near future because it lacks budget and the expenses are exaggeratingly greater than the income, then non-admittance of patients who are not financially adequate to(p) may be justifiable for the economic survival of the business.As a health care provider of a hemodialysis center which advocates for the patients needs, the best thing to do is to cut down the patients 3 times a week visits to once or twice a week, depending on how much they can pay. Firstly, the company must check the benefits of the insurance to cover the expenses that may be incurred, and allocate these benefits to the whole health program.The company may also offer the patients financial assist through different government agencies so they can still continue with their hemodialysis. Transportation to and from other government dialysis centers may also be offered for a discounted court or, if the company can handle it, it can be offered for free to those who are in dire need of treatment in order to sustain conduct even longer. A health care organization may contradict its code of ethics if the economic status and the future of the company are go down at a high risk.The company may choose to impose policies that may be unacceptable to the clients but are just and reasonable for the social welfare of the company. It is also reasonable for a health care professional to refuse the admittance of a certain patient having an infectious disease that will subsequent cause severe damage to other patients condition, let alone cause loss of lives. In this case, the company may offer help by instrument of referring the client to other health care organizations specializing in that kind of disease.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 16

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Porter 5 forces for JetBlue Airway Essay

Potential Competitors Low ambition among existing firms is intense, which affect the profits to be low. Its unattractive to the potential competitors. High initial investments and fixed hails such as lease a fleet of safe and reliable aircraft, conduct reasonable gate access and landing fees as well as high labor and fuel costs. There are the price competitions in the skyway industry, which some major airlines offer the low-price fares that is very difficult for new entrants to gain enough profit to cover the investment and fix cost in this industry.Rivalry among Existing Firms High Currently, there are many major airlines such as Delta, United and American that exist in the same market as Jet Blue.Those airline companies have used similar strategies as JetBlue. United and American airline business flies to the same cities as Jet Blue and entreaty to the business travelers who have the least sensitivity on price. Airline industry is extremely sensitive to economic cycles. Mature industry life cycle.The Bargaining actor of Buyers Medium to High Internet gives the power to the customers to search for the low fares. Leisure travelers who are not sensitive with the price and most of them are loyalty to the feature industry that offer the best service and offer the best flying subsist. There are many airlines in the market that offers the same flying experience in the low-price.Bargaining Power of Suppliers High Boeing and Airbus are the only two suppliers of new aircraft for commercial passenger airlines. This allows them to have power of suppliers in the airline industry. Airline workers are unionized, which let them have power of labor supply. OPEC countries have the significant impact for airline industry. The reason is that the fuel is another substantial input cost for airlines, ranging from about 8% to 10% of revenues. Currently, the fuel for the aircraft are rising then the affect from oil price increasing push some airline companies to button reven ue in year 2005 such as Delta and Jet Blue.Substitute Products Medium For short flight, the substitute could be the automobile. Faxes, teleconferencing and videoconferencing can substitute change of location by plane for business travelers. Switching cost for customers from airplane to automobile and other technologies save the money for a lot of travelers.Relative Power of another(prenominal) Stakeholders Internal Revenue Service has just published the mileage deduction rate for 2006. It is 44.5 cents a mile. Thats down from 48.5 cents a mile for the last intravenous feeding months of 2005, which reflected a special adjustment for rising gasoline prices Long Beach communities files charges against airlines for noise violations. Customers file against Jet Blue for showing the passengers data to the third party.

The Definition of a Princess

every(prenominal) little girl has once wished (upon a star) to one day be a princess in a poove taradiddle. However, do they truly understand what the definition of a fagot tale princess is? Fairy tales train created a definition and a rig of requirements of a true princess, a definition and a set of requirements that could easily be applied to a pretty teacup or any other pulseless object. These world-beater tales have defined a princess as someone who is unrealistically beautiful, passive voice, with no voice, and helpless and dependent. dish antenna is one of the key requirements to be a princess.Every woman in a fairy tale is either a beautiful princess or an ugly witch or stepmother. There are no average looking women to be found in these tales. Since physical qualities are often an allegory to the worth or evil of a character, beauty has been a requirement for a princess. In the picture books and movies of these fairy tales, audiences depart see tall skinny girls who se waists are almost the size of their necks with eyes that are abnormally large. Though unrealistic, this appearance has been made necessary in these tales. Would Cinderella be let in to the ball or ever have a dance with a prince if she were ugly?Would Prince Charming even consider fondling dormancy Beauty if she were Sleeping Ugly? Beauty is such an important part of a princess precisely how does it affect those young girls who wish to be like them? These fairy tales give the message that the only dash to find love or Mr. Perfect is to be beautiful. Young girls watch and read storybooks and movies that have princesses with carcass types that are considered anorexic. This image will sink in to their minds subconsciously and affect them for the rest of their lives, since most children will never be able to reach the standard of beauty required to be a princess. on with beauty, a princess has been defined to have no voice or say. In almost every fairy tale a princess never deal s to express her opinion or personality. The ultimate example of this is in the elfin Mermaid (Disney Version) when Ariel trades her voice so she can alter her appearance. She is told that she wont need a voice to get the prince and all she needs to do is look pretty. This leads young girls to think their voice and opinion dont matter and to have their happily ever after, all they have to do is stay quiet passive and be visually attractive. Lastly a princess is defined as someone who is helpless and dependent.Almost every single fairy tale has a damsel in distress waiting for the prince to save them. Sleeping Beauty has to wait for Prince Charming, Rapunzel has to wait in her tower, and Prince Eric saves Ariel. In all fairy tales this is a common part the princess is always helpless and needs saving. Never in a traditional fairy tale does a princess save the prince. In addition to the sexism in these tales, they present and promote a negative message for girls. It communicates to girls that if something with child(p) is happening or if there is a problem, wait for a male to come and solve the situation. put these ideas in little girls heads at such an early age will discourage them from to ever nice strong and confident women. Understanding the true definition of a fairy tale princess is, princesses should not be role models for so many girls. However so many little girls still want to be princesses, even if they are defined to be unrealistically beautiful, passive, voiceless, and helplessly dependent on others. This needs to transmute in order to have more confident and smart women. Society should think about these fairy tales and really consider if the princess in the tale is someone young girls should have as their role models.